WEEK THREE: PHYSICAL, BRAIN, MOTOR DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
What is cephalocaudal development?
growth proceeds from the head downwards, the head and upper regions of the body develop before the lower region
What is proximodistal development?
growth and development proceed from the center of the body outward
What is puberty?
The biological transition to adulthood in which hormones cause the body to physically mature and permit sexual reproduction
What is adolescent growth spurt?
a rapid gain in height and weight
What is precocious puberty?
early puberty (before age 8)
May cause stress on child for being treated differently
What is delayed puberty? what are the effects?
late puberty
Differs in male and females
Tend to be a protective factor for females in regard to depression
Late puberty for males is less consistent and limited
What are neurons and what do they do?
Neurons are nerve cells that store and transmit information. Neurons are formed in the prenatal development known as neurongenesis
What is experience-expectant brain development?
brain growth and development that is dependent on basic environmental experiences, such as visual and auditory stimulation in order to develop normally
Ex: pre wired visual stimulation of light and dark
What is experience-dependent brain development?
brain growth and development inresponse to specific learning experience
Ex: speech sound and face recognition
What is synaptogenesis?
the formation of new synapses which peaks in different brain regions at different ages
Ex: occurs when exposed to new experiences
What is synaptic pruning?
the process by which neural connections that are seldom used disappear
Throughout childhood and adolescence it occurs
What is the limbic system?
a collection of brains structures responsible for emotions undergoes a burst of development caused by puberty hormones
What is the dual-process model?
the brain consisting of two systems: emotion and ration
what are the major brain development occurring in infancy?
children go through a process of neurogenesis, a process of new neurons being created and have two different types of brain development they can acquire. The experience-expectant brain development is using their pre-wired senses such as vision is used on basic environments to develop normally. There is also a experience dependent brain development which is based on specific learning experiences such as reading a book.
The brain is most plastic during the first few years of life. Plasticity is a characteristic od development that refers to malleability or openness to change in response to experience (learn quickly)
what are the major brain development occurring in adolescence puberty?
- Second burst of synaptogenesis
- Neural connections strengthen
- Sensitive period for brain development
- Synaptic pruning in response to experience occurs at an accelerated rate during adolescence
What is gross motor development?
Development of the ability to control large movements of the body (sitting and standing). Gross motor development is a continuously proceeding throughout life.
What is fine motor development?
The ability to control small movements of the fingers such as eating with a fork or reaching.voluntary reaching is important for cognitive development as it provide new opportunities for interacting with the world. Motor development reflects goal-oriented behaviour
what is dynamic system?
motor skills from ongoing interaction from all development aspects supports in which previously mastered skills are combined to provide more complex and effective ways of exploring and controlling the environment
Movements require coordination of our senses and ability to plan and predict actions
Infant attain the same motor tasks
What is sensation and perception?
- Sensation: occurs when our sense detect a stimulus
- Perception: the sense our brain makes of the stimulus and our awareness of it
what is the developmental trajectories of vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste for infancy?
Vision:least developed
Hearing is developed prenatally and the most well developed
Touch: mouth is the first part of the body to show sensitivity to touch prenatally
Smell and taste are well developed at birth
What is visual tracking?
the ability to follow an objects movement with the eyes is very limited at but improves quickly
what is depth perception?
the ability to perceive the distance of objects from each other and from ourselves
what is intermodal perception?
the process of combining information from more than one sensory system
what is intermodal perception?
the process of combining information from more than one sensory system