week six Flashcards
Anorexia
a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite
Anthropometry
measurement and study of the human body and its parts and capacities
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
the rate at which the body metabolizes food to maintain the energy requirements of a person who is awake and at rest. It is the rate at which the body spends energy to keep all of the life-sustaining processes going.
Calorie
unit of heat defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade at atmospheric pressure
Malnutrition
the results in the body of poor nutrition; undernutrition, overnutrition, or any nutrient deficiency
MyPlate
Visual representation of the relative daily portions of various food groups; replaced MyPyramid in 2011.
Nausea
A subjective, unpleasant, wavelike sensation in the back of the throat, epigastrium, or the abdomen that may lead to the urge or the need to vomit
Negative Nitrogen Balance
Occurs when more nitrogen is excreted from the body than is retained from dietary protein sources. Occurs during the aging process, starvation, and extreme stress.
Nutrient
Organic and inorganic substances found in foods that are required for body functioning
What are the nutrient categories?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, minerals
What are essential nutrients?
Must be supplied by our diet
What are non-essential nutrients
Can be made in the body
Calories in protein
4
Calories in carbs
4
Calories in fat
9
Calories in alcohol
7
What factors influence caloric requirement?
age/growth, gender, climate, activity, fever, illness, trauma, surgery
What are the important functions of proteins?
growth, repair and maintenance of body structures and tissues. Involved in the manufacture of hormones such as insulin. Act as enzymes to help bring about some chemical reactions such as digestion.
What is a complete protein?
A complete protein contains all 9 of the essential amino acids in the correct proportions to maintain tissues and support body structures. Includes most animal proteins, cheese, and eggs
What is an incomplete protein?
An incomplete protein lacks one or more of the essential amino acids. Usually vegetables.
What is a complementary protein?
Two proteins that when combined provide adequate amounts and proportions of all essential amino acids. Black beans and rice. Peanut butter and bread.
Nitrogen
The element that distinguishes proteins from lipids and carbohydrates.
Positive Nitrogen Balance
Occurs when more nitrogen is retained in the body than is excreted. This may occur in infancy, childhood, pregnancy and during lactation.
Nitrogen Balance
Studies that are helpful in determining the protein requirement of the body throughout the life cycle. Nitrogen balance occurs when the intake of nitrogen is equal to the output of nitrogen.