week four Flashcards
Anaphylactic Reaction
A severe allergic reaction to a substance or chemical that happens quickly after exposure. Signs of this are: hives, rapid pulse, arrhythmia, fluid in lungs, low blood pressure, mental confusion, blue skin, swelling of throat, swelling of eyes or face, weakness, and wheezing.
Cumulative Effect
the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion
Iatrogenic
unexpected side effects resulting from treatment by a physician
Idiosyncratic Effect
a different, unexpected or individual effect from the normal one usually expected from a medication; the occurrence of unpredictable and unexplainable symptoms
Pharmacodynamics
The process by which medications produce their effects in the body (mechanism of action, onset of action, peak effect, duration of action, half-life)
Mechanism of action
The process by which a medication produces its effects
Onset of Action
The time it tkaes for a drug to produce a therapeutic response
Peak Effect
The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response
Duration of Action
The time the drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response
Half Life
The time it takes the body to eliminate half of the medication
Pharmacokinetics
The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Receptor Site
where the drug attaches itself to a cell membrane
Substance Abuse
any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical purposes
Urticaria
also hives; an acute allergic reaction in which round wheals (welts) develop on the skin, usually accompanied by intense itching
What is action affected by?
Developmental factors, gender, cultural, ethnic & genetic factors, psychological factors (what they might expect VS what really happens), environment, diet, illness and/or disease (ESP kidney, liver, cardiovascular), time of administration
Adverse Effect
an effect of a drug which may be unfavorable to the patient’s health; an action or effect, other than that which is desired, such as an allergic reaction
Dosage
the amount of a drug to be administered.
Drug Allergy
an immunologic reaction to a drug
Drug Tolerance
a condition in which successive increases in the dosage of a drug are required to maintain a given therapeutic effect
Drug Toxicity
A harmful effect of a drug on an organism or tissue resulting from an overdose, ingestion of a drug intended for external use, or from a buildup of a drug in the blood due to impaired metabolism or excretion
Generic Name
The name given to a drug by the United States Adopted Names Council. Also called the nonproprietary name. The generic name is much shorter and simpler than the chemical name and is not protected by trademark.
Nursing Implication
helps nurse apply the nursing process to pharacotherapeutics by providing a step by step guide to clinical assessment, implementation, and evaluations of the outcomes of pharmacologic therapy
Side Effect
any effect that is caused by a drug and that is different from the drug’s intended effect. not as severe as adverse effects
Trade Name
The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.