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Semester One - Nursing 111 > Week One > Flashcards

Week One Flashcards

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1
Q

Asepsis

A

No disease causing microorganisms

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2
Q

Infection

A

an invasion of body tissue by microorganisms and their growth.

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3
Q

Infectious Agent

A

A microorganism that invades body tissues and grows (causes infection)

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4
Q

Disease

A

detectable alteration in normal tissue function

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5
Q

Pathogens

A

Cause disease of infection in a healthy individual

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6
Q

Blood Bourne Pathogen

A

Potential infectious organisms that are carried in and transmitted through blood or materials containing blood

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7
Q

Chain of Infection

A

Etiologic agent, reservoir, portal of exit from reservoir, method of transmission, portal of entry to the susceptible host, susceptible host

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8
Q

What is the best way to prevent infection/disease?

A

hand washing

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9
Q

Most common mode of transmission

A

hands

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10
Q

Types of microorganisms that cause infection

A

bacteria (most common, viruses, fungi, parasites

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11
Q

Virulence

A

Ability to cause disease

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12
Q

Common sources of microorganisms

A

other humans, client’s own micros, plants, animals, general environment

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13
Q

Common areas of the body that normally harbor microorganisms

A

respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract, blood, tissue

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14
Q

Conditions that most micros require to live

A

food, oxygen, water, temperature, pH, light

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15
Q

Aerobic micros

A

require oxygen for survival

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16
Q

Anaerobic micros

A

thrive with little or no oxygen

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17
Q

What is transmission?

A

After a microorganism leaves its source or reservoir, it requires a means of transmission to reach another individual or host through a receptive portal of entry

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18
Q

Direct Transmission

A

immediate and direct transfer or microorganisms from individual to individual

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19
Q

Direct Transmission distance

A

anything within 3 feet

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20
Q

Indirect Transmission

A

Any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce and infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry

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21
Q

Fomites

A

inanimate materials or objects, water, food, blood, semen, plasma

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22
Q

Vector Borne

A

A vector is an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent

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23
Q

Airborne

A

droplets or dust

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24
Q

What is a portal of entry?

A

the means of a pathogen entering a host

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25
Q

What is a susceptible host?

A

Person who is at risk for infection. Compromised host is a person at increased risk, an individual who for one or more reason is more likely than others to acquire an infection

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26
Q

What are factors that make someone a susceptible host?

A

age, immune suppression treatment for cancer, chronic illness, following successful organ transplant, immune deficiency conditions

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27
Q

Medical Asepsis

A

clean technique, confines micros, limits number growth and transmission of micros, cleaning reduces the growth or micros but does not completely remove them

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28
Q

Clean

A

Object is absent of almost all micros

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29
Q

Dirty

A

Object is likely to have micros some of which are capable of causing infections

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30
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A

sterile technique, keep an area or object free of all micros, destroys all micros

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31
Q

Examples of surgical asepsis

A

urinary cath, sterile dressing changes, prep parenteral med

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32
Q

How long do you need to wash your hands for?

A

minimum 20 seconds

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33
Q

Antimicrobial Soap

A

known multiple resistant bacteria, before invasive procedures, special care units nurseries and ICU, before care for severely immunocompromised clients, C. Difficle must use this method

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34
Q

Alcohol based hand rub

A

before and after direct contact with clients

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35
Q

Bagging

A

articles contaminated with infective material must be placed in infectious waterproof waste containers

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36
Q

What types of material must be bagged and put in infectious waterproof waste container?

A

pus, blood, body fluids, feces, R secretions

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37
Q

Linen Handling

A

handle as little as possible, do not shake, bundle up clean side out dirty side in, hold away from self

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38
Q

Laboratory Specimen Handling

A

leakproof container w secure lid with biohazard label and placed inside a sealable plastic bag before sending them to the laboratory

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39
Q

Dishes Handling

A

Requires no special precautions

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40
Q

Disposable Needle Handling

A

needle, syringes, and sharps into puncture resistant container, do not recap dirty needle

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41
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

infections that originate in the hospital

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42
Q

Healthcare associated infection

A

infections associated with healthcare delivery in any setting. The inability to determine with certainty where the pathogen is acquired since patients may be colonized with or exposed to potential pathogens outside of the healthcare setting, before receiving health care or may develop infections caused by those pathogens when exposed to the conditions

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43
Q

Antiseptics

A

inhibit the growth of micros

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44
Q

Disinfection

A

agents that destroy pathogens other than spores. Use of a chemical procedure that eliminates virtually all recognized pathogenic micros but not necessarily all micro forms on inanimate objects

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45
Q

Bacteriocidal

A

prep that destroys bacteria

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46
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

prevents growth and reproduction of some bacteria

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47
Q

High level disinfection

A

Disinfection that kills all organisms, except high levels of bacterial spores, and if effected with a chemical germicide cleared for marketing as a sterilant by the US food and drug administration

48
Q

Intermediate level disinfection

A

disinfection that kills mycrobacteria, most viruses and TB

49
Q

Low Level Disinfection

A

disinfection that kills some viruses and bacteria with a chemical germicide registered as a hospital disinfectant

50
Q

Factors considered when selecting disinfection and sterilization methods

A

type/number of infections, recommended concentration of the disinfectant and the duration of contact, presence of soap, presence of organic material, surface areas to be treated

51
Q

Sterilization

A

Usually performed on equipment that is entering a sterile section of the body. Kills all micros including spores and viruses

52
Q

Methods of sterilization

A

moist heat, gas, radiation, *boiling water (will not kill spores)

53
Q

Factors that contribute to device or equipment contamination

A

saliva, blood, pus excretions

54
Q

Non-critical

A

an item that contacts intact skin but not mucous membranes must be clean. requires low level disinfection (bed pans, BP cuffs, bed rails, linens, stethoscopes)

55
Q

Semi Critical

A

an item that comes in contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin. These objects must be free of all micros except spores. high level disinfection (endoscopes, fitting rings, anesthesia equipment)

56
Q

Critical Medical Device

A

critical instruments and medical device require sterilization. the item enters sterile tissue or the vascular system. these items present a high risk of infection if the items are contaminated with micros, especially bacterial spores (surgical instruments, cardiac caths, urinary caths)

57
Q

Isolation

A

measures designed to prevent the spread of infections or potentially infectious microorganisms to health personnel, clients, and visitors

58
Q

Communicable Disease

A

Infectious agent can be transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact or as an airborne infection

59
Q

Standard Precautions (Tier One)

A

Apply to all clients receiving care in hospitals, regardless of diagnosis or possible infection status. Apply to blood, all body fluids, secretions, excretions, except sweat, non-intact (broken) skin, mucous membranes. Designed to reduce transmission of micros from recognized and unrecognized sources.

60
Q

Transmission-based Precautions (Tier Two)

A

Used in addition to standard precautions for clients with known or suspected infections that are spread airborne, droplet, or contact

61
Q

Airborne Precautions

A

clients known to or suspected of having serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns (measles, chickenpox, TB)

62
Q

Droplet Precautions

A

clients known or suspected of serious illness transmitted by particle droplets larger that 5 microns (rubella, mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, pneumonia)

63
Q

Contact Precautions

A

clients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the client’s environment

64
Q

Respiratory/Cough Etiquette

A

covering mouth and nose during coughing and sneezing, using tissues to contain R secretions with prompt disposal into a no-touch receptacle, offering a surgical mask to persons who are coughing to decrease contamination of the surrounding environment, turning head away from others and maintaining spatial separation, ideally > 3 feet

65
Q

Standard Precautions

A

perform proper hand hygiene, wear clean gloves when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and contaminated items, wear mask, eye protection or face shield if splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions are expected, place used needles into sharps containers and do not attempt to recap needles, one hand scoop

66
Q

Protective Environment

A

specialized patient-care area that has a positive air flow relative to the corridor. no plants or flowers in these rooms

67
Q

Percutaneous injury

A

handling, disassembling, disposing, and reprocessing of sharps

68
Q

What are specific practices and setting which increase opportunity for exposure to health care workers and clients

A

percutaneous injury, direct contact with blood and body fluids: mucous membrane or exposure of non-intact skin, parenteral exposure

69
Q

Engineering controls

A

equipment, devices, or instruments designed to remove or isolate hazards in the healthcare environment

70
Q

Examples of engineering controls

A

needless IV therapy equip, handwashing facilities, TB isolation rooms with negative pressure systems, biohazard labels, puncture resistant containers for sharps

71
Q

Work Practice Controls

A

reduce or eliminate the risk of exposure of healthcare worker to infection when performing a task or skill

72
Q

Barriers

A

personal protective equipment

73
Q

Occupational Exposure

A

A parenteral or mucous membrane exposure to blood or other body fluids or skin exposure to large amounts of blood or prolonged contact with blood

74
Q

Reportable Oral Temp

A

38 or 100.4

75
Q

auscultory gap

A

temporary disappearance of BP sounds, then the sound reappears at a lower level

76
Q

Tachycardia

A

rapid P, >100 beats/minute at rest

77
Q

Apnea

A

Complete Absence of R

78
Q

“pnea”

A

breathing

79
Q

“cardia”

A

heart

80
Q

Client

A

can be referred to as patient

81
Q

Definition of Nursing (MCC)

A

Applies knowledge of nursing science, natural and social sciences, and humanities

82
Q

Purpose of Nursing

A

To help clients toward to goal of health, through the nursing process

83
Q

Concept

A

An idea which represents essential elements that an object, person, or event has in common with other objects, persons, or events

84
Q

Conceptual Framework

A

A set of concepts that provides a way to organize facts into some kind of meaningful whole; a structure which serves as a guideline for content to be included in the curriculum

85
Q

What are the major concepts to the conceptual framework of the MCC department of nursing?

A

basic needs, nursing process, core components

86
Q

What are basic human needs?

A

universal fundamenta needs to human beings which are essential to their physical and emotional survival

87
Q

Maslows, low to high

A

physiological, safety & security, love and belonging, self-esteem, self actualization

88
Q

Maslow Physiological

A

oxygen, fluids, nutrition, elimination, rest, comfort, activity, sleep, sex

89
Q

Maslow Safety & Security

A

freedom from the hazards of chemical, physical, microbial, psychosocial, environmental, and economic injury

90
Q

Maslow Love and Belonging

A

Expressions of affection and sexuality and the need to meaningful relationships with others

91
Q

Maslow Self Esteem

A

To be well thought of by oneself as well as others

92
Q

Maslow Self Actualization

A

An effort to fulfill one’s potential, to do in life with joy what one both wants and is suited to do

93
Q

What is the purpose of the nursing process?

A

A systematic approach to the delivery of nursing services

94
Q

Steps of nursing process

A

assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation

95
Q

Assessment

A

collection of data

96
Q

Associate degree nursing practice core components

A

essential elements to the work of the entry level registered professional nurse

97
Q

clinical decision making

A

clinical judgements formulated through the performance of accurate assessments, the use of multiple methods to access information, and the analysis and integration of knowledge and information

98
Q

Collaboration

A

planning, decision making, problem solving by those who work together cooperatively

99
Q

Communication

A

exchange of info verbally, non verbally, written

100
Q

Managing Care

A

efficient, effective use of human, physical, financial, and technological resources to meet clinet needs and support organizational outcomes

101
Q

Professional behaviors

A

calm, controlled, clear. behaviors within nursing practice characterized by a commitment to the profession of nursing

102
Q

Teaching and Learning

A

promoting health and reduce risk.

103
Q

Therapeutic Nursing Interventions

A

nursing behaviors and actions that implement the plan of care for a client to prevent illness, to maintain, improve and/or restore wellness

104
Q

What is health

A

a dynamic state of well being in which the client functions at an optimal physical, mental, and social level

105
Q

Holistic needs

A

involved the total person, the whole of the individual’s being and the overall quality of lifestyle.

106
Q

Mission Statement of the MCC department of nursing

A

To prove high quality education to a diverse population of students and to assist them in achieving success in obtaining the knowledge and skills necessary to prepare graduates for New York State licensure and employment as Registered Professional Nurses in entry level positions. This education includes the tools necessary to be a life-long learner in a constantly changing healthcare environment.

107
Q

Philosophies of nursing MCC

A

people are dynamic beings who continuously interact with their environment in unique ways, all people have basic needs which they strive to satisfy and toward which their behavior is directed, people’s ability to meet basic needs is affected by a variety of factors such as culture, age, health, finances, and environment, unmet basic needs may result in health problems, health problems may affect a person’s ability to meet basic needs, nursing is a profession which has evolved to assist people to meet basic needs, nursing is base on knowledge from nursing theory and nursing research, the natural and behavioral sciences and the humanities, the nursing process is a method allowing nurses to fulfill their roles uner NYS practice act to diagnose and treat human responses to actual and potential health problems, nursing care is directed toward promoting wellness, restoring optimal health, preventing illness, providing rehabilitation and supporting death with dignity, the graduate nurse demonstrates competence in professional behavior, communication, comprehensive assessment skills, effective clinical decision making, therapeutic nursing interventions, teach-learning processes, collaboration and management of care

108
Q

Core Components MCC

A

assessment, clinical decision making, collaboration, communication, managing care, professional behaviors, teaching and learning, therapeutic nursing interventions

109
Q

Capillary Action

A

The movement of a liquid along the surface of a solid caused by the attraction of molecules of the liquid to the molecules of the solid.

110
Q

Common vehicle

A

movement of a disease/infectious agent through a means common to that disease (ex. pneumonia coughing)

111
Q

HIV

A

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS. This virus is passed from one person to another through blood-to-blood and sexual contact.

112
Q

Pyrexia

A

fever

113
Q

systolic pressure

A

the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart.

114
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) after the contraction of the heart while the chambers of the heart refill with blood.

115
Q

What is reportable BP?

A

20 mm from a client’s usual BP range

Semester One - Nursing 111 (15 decks)

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