Week seven-> Shipping & Pollution

Question 1

Why shipping important?

Answer 1

90% of stuff touches a ship

• ocean seen as a full international road
• employs many
• In CND HUGE coat line so this is a major player

Question 2

Types of shiping ships

Answer 2

Crude oil- huge, long pipeing system
liquified N2- weirf bubble ship, basically huge frigde, prince rupert key
Bulk containers - like for grain or seeds, often self loading
Rollonandoff- geient garage for cars trucks ect
container ships- HUGE ships with standard size contanors

Question 3

more on contanior ships

Answer 3

• huge
• standard size, each one can be specialized
• pretty much all made by one company in china
• 5 mill moving at once

Question 4

How is the industry managed?

Answer 4

On INT scale mostly
- UNI Marine organization
-SOLAS, for crew
MARPUL for pollution prevention

Question 5

On the Panama canel

Answer 5

one of the busiest channels in the world!

• Started by France, finished by US in 194, given to Panama in 1999
• since so international and important, cause the need for new int law
• key of panamas economy

Question 6

on the Suez cannal

Answer 6

opened in 1869

• has no locks, runs at sea level
• not super wide, so runs n and s on opposite scheduals
• key militaristic pov

Question 7

Shiping and navel warfars

Answer 7

histories are tied together

• both eefects port cities, goal to stop supply
• europ explorers in this context were much focused on expanding ocean area to use

Question 8

Key Canadian ports

Answer 8

Vancouver (38%)
Montreal (17%)
Prince Rupert (think alberta oil and gas) (11%)
Halafax
Saint John NFL (busest for Atlantic oil, 83%)

Question 9

Pollution in the ocean is

Answer 9

almost never irreversible as it floats and travelers everywhere
-esp oil spills…. which last forever

Question 10

Pollution prevention is point source, but that doesn’t work in the ocean (why)

Answer 10

Becuse it is all one ocean and everything traviless around the world

Question 11

The effects of marine pollution are

Answer 11

hard to quantify, since they don’t conveniently die in one place
- immediate death } Leathal effects
negatively affecting organism } Sum lethal

Question 12

Agricultural run off causes

Answer 12

mj algae bloom from an influx of nutrients

• blocks all life, stops light from reaching bottom
• called “red tied” sometimes

Question 13

Stored water that ships release called

Answer 13

ballest water, used to keep ship level

• carries zebra muscles, green crab and other invasive species
• even if released in high seas, atmospheric transport brings it closer to shore.

Question 14

how to mine for oil on land

Answer 14

1) seismic work: use pounding machines and measure reflection path to determine if oil deposits or not
2) use exploratory wells: test drill at different depths and releases underground air pressure
3) market discussions: can lead to daricks

Question 15

Mine for oil at sea

Answer 15

1)Seismic boats record the thumber array patterns.
2)Make well, some stationary some not. Hyberia is largest in cnd
most common in N sea, west Africa and gulf of Mexico (gas in NS)

Question 16

Case study of deepwater Horizon

Answer 16

Huge oil spill in gulph of mexico that lastes 87 days and 135 mill gallons of oil
many LEATHaL impacts, even more long term genetic disorders
seabirds were highly attracted to oil, then died
industry says this is one in a million but small smills happen ALL THE TIME

Question 17

Off shore oil in CND

Answer 17

Hyberia, White rose, Terranorm, Hibron of coast in atlantic, few gas in NS. Unlikley to expand as our major focus is in Alberta

Question 18

Plastic in the Ocean

Answer 18

plastic island in the pasific, 8M tons of plastic put in the ocean every year and the num keeps growing

Question 19

What is plastic mad out of?

Answer 19

Comes from Hydrocarbons like ethene and proain + other chemicals to make plastic chips. These are then melted and molded into plastic stuff

Question 20

history of plastic

Answer 20

150 years old, first made into cellophane, and billard balls, and then vinyl. Its very structured and versitile

Question 21

How does plastic get into the ocean

Answer 21

• 80% from land, as many costal waste facilities just dump stuff into the water
  -large amount from agriculture runnof
  -and left over fishing gear
  very little is purposefully dumped.

Question 22

Plastic pollution causes

Answer 22

• wildlife entanglement/suffocation

diminishes overlal water quality

Question 23

On CND plastic ban

Answer 23

We are only baning 6 types of plastic, not even the most major plastics in terms of pollution
-fundamentally, since only 9% is recycled, bans and reductions are the only way to really really reduce plastic pollution (oil companies hate this)