week 4 - Fish and Fishery Management

Question 1

What is a fish?

Answer 1

Very diverse
- aquatic environment (exp mudskippers)
- ectothermic (cold blooded) (exceptions are tuna and sharks, maintain core temp)
backbone
-scales
fins for movement
-gills for breathing
fish = 1 species, fishes = multiple species

Question 2

fish LC

Answer 2

egg
-demersal eggs, layed on floor
- sticky sometimes
, larva,
-distinctly look different from adult
 juvinila
 adult

Question 3

superclass Gnathostomata

Answer 3

Fishes with jaws
- chondrthys (sharks)
fish with lobbed fin
modern bony fish with support fin rays

Question 4

superclass Agnatha

Answer 4

fishes w/o jaws
-eels
-other tiny fish
(defined as with or without eyes)

Question 5

pacific salmon

Answer 5

very diverse

-anadromous fish, go up fraser river to hatch eggs

Question 6

Fishes caught in Canada are

Answer 6

mostly exported
-85%
then goes to resturants. not much average consumer demand
- mostly caught by men (women work in processing mostly)

Question 7

BC Fisheries

Answer 7

• due to sharp drop of contenental shelf, not at much fish here as out east
• high market value in Japan and China
• salmon dominates industry (chinoon and sockeye) and caused a Fraser River stock crash (many reasons) no government reply from a huge inquiry

Question 8

Arctic Fisheries

Answer 8

• low biodiversity, hardly any commercial fisheries. Though, in nunavut growing harvest of shrimp
  main issue is that there are no ports to export it

Question 9

East Coast fisheries

Answer 9

the large continental shelf, lots of fish
NL
-cod crash. Still cant fish it
 NB 
NS
-lobster and snow crab is complex 
 PEI
-much muscles (not fish)
Inshore (in EEZ) and offshore fleets (tuna nad drug trade)

Question 10

Types of fishing gear

Answer 10

fix gear: Nets mounted and fish swim in

mobile gear: Trolleys and travillers

Question 11

steps of fish resourse managment

Answer 11

1) stock survey
- fish killed and counted
2) Stock assessment
- project future stock counts
3) Determind MSY
- highest catch with sustainability
4) allocate stock to harvester

Question 12

Stock surveys

Answer 12

record crucial information about the fish population, size biomass etc. Age structure key to understanding reproduction
-fishes that aren’t fished not important and not recorded

Question 13

stock assessment

Answer 13

from the stock survey, population models are made
-calculate annual growth, hope its positive
now these are subject to peer review

Question 14

Allocation of catch

Answer 14

take the total allowed catch and distribute it among fisheries

• this is integrated fisheries management plan
• done species by species

Question 15

Fish management in canada

Answer 15

due to the fisheries act, Minister has absolute discretion and veto power
section has measures put In place to guarantee stock sustainability
they don’t need to report harvest number
issue: management plan created in the assumption that there’s a surplus of fish

Question 16

Covid-19 challenge

Answer 16

• 30% of seafood goes to restaurants which are widely effected
• the soal aspect of seafood demand down (think lobster and oysters)
  Labour issue-> huge pressure on women to be at home, and less foreign workers

Question 17

Sustainability Challenge

Answer 17

• CC and warming oceans messing up reproductive patterns of fish
• few MPA, creating a threat to supply
• SAR act prohibited bycatch (reduces catch area)
• Fuel and vessel costs increasing

Question 18

Indigenous fishing rights

Answer 18

• these rights come from common law and protected by the constitution
  -sparro decision lead to order 1)conservation 2)indenous 3)commercial
  Marshall desition- the right to catch for a moderate livelihood (not defined leads to battles)

Question 19

Cod Crash

Answer 19

huge harvest then sudden drop
-1992 moratoriam baning cod fishing still in place, so only some small fisheries can catch cod
-why? huge debate, points finger everywhere
industry blams DFO
ENGO’s blam political decisions
DFO blames selfish fisheries
CC also likely played apart, effecting reproduction

Question 20

how is the resource maintained?

Answer 20

this is integrative fish management plan

1) Stock survey -> Catch kill count. SEx and size (reproduction)
2) Stock assesment-> suvery drives this model. find annual growth. Subject to peer reveiw
3) MSY->Stock and withstand what yeild
4) Allocate catch->to individuals fish harvesters