Week Seven: Endocrine Flashcards
Chemical messengers produces by endocrine glands and secretes direct into…
Blood vessels
What is he primary function of the endocrine system
Produces hormones
What is a negative feedback system
When level of specific hormone drops below needed levels, appropriate endocrine gland is stimulated to produce more hormone
Secretion of some hormones is stimulated by _______ nerve impulses when an animal feels threatened
Sympathetic
Which hormones stimulates fight or flight response
Epinephrine
What does the hypothalamus do
Controls activities of pituitary gland
Portal system of blood vessels links ______ with anterior portion of pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Modified neurons in hypothalamus secrete releasing and inhibiting factors into …
Portal blood vessels
Modified neurons in hypothalamus also secrete what
Anti diuretic hormone and oxytocin
How many pituitary glands do horses have
Three
What is adenohypophysis
Anterior pituitary
Stimulated by hypothalamus and direct feedback from target organs and tissues to produce it’s hormones
What is neurohypophysis
Posterior pituitary
Stores and releases hormones produced in hypothalamus
What is somatotropin and somatotropin hormone
Growth hormone
Promote body growth in young animals
Helps regulate metabolism or proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids in body’s cells
What does prolactin do
Trigger and maintain lactation
Secretion if milk by mammary glands
What is TSH and what does it do
Thyroid stimulating hormones
Stimulates growth and development of thyroid gland and causes it to produce it’s hormones
What is ACTH and what does it do
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Stimulates growth and development of adrenal cortex and release of some of it’s hormones
What is FSH and what does it do In female
Follicle stimulating hormone
Stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles
Produce and secrete estrogen
What does FSH do in males
Stimulates sperm
What is LH and what does it do
Luteinizing hormone
Causes ovulation
Completes process of follicle development in ovary
What is MSH and what does it do
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
Control of color changes in pigment cells
What does the posterior pituitary do
Stores anti diuretic hormone and oxytocin (keeps you from passing urine)
What is ADH and what does it do
Anti diuretic hormone
Prevents diuresis (allowing kidneys to pass water)
Generates nerve impulses (causes release of ADH)
What are the effects on the uterus from oxytocin
Causes contraction of myometrium at time of breeding and at parturition
What effect does oxytocin have on active mammary glands
Causes movement I milk down to the lower parts of the glad (milk letdown)
What does the thyroid hormone effect
Metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
What is calcitonin produces by
c cells
What is calcium involved in
Muscle contraction, blood clotting, milk secretion, and formation and maintenance of the skeleton
What is parathormone and what does it do
Parathyroid hormone
Helps maintain blood calcium levels
Presents hypocalcemia
What does the adrenal cortex do
Produces numerous steroid hormones classified Ito three main groups
What are the three groups of adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoid
Mineralocorticoids
Sex hormones
What does the adrenal medulla do
Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
Increase heart rate and output, increases blood pressure, dilates air passageways in lungs and decreases GI function
What do alpha cells do
Produce glucagon
What do beta cells do
Produce insulin
What are pancreatic islets (islets of lanerhans)
Groups of cells scattered throughout the pancreas
What is the endocrine component
Small percentage of total volume of organ
What does insulin do
Lowers blood glucose levels by causing glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to be absorbed into body cells
What does glucagon do
Lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose and by stimulating glucongenesis
What does somatostatin do
Inhibits secretion of insulin, glucagon, and GH- diminishes GI activity
What are interstitial cells
Clumps of endocrine cells
What is the primary androgen in testes
Testosterone
What are progestins
Group of hormones produced by corpus luteum
What do kidneys do
Produce erythropoietin
What is gastrin
Produced by cells in the wall of stomach
What is produced by cells in the small intestine
Secretin and cholecystokinin
What does cholecystokinin do
Stimulates pancreas to release digestive enzymes into duodenum
What is melatonin
Hormone like substance called that seems to affect moods and wake/sleep cycles
Where is melatonin
Pineal body
What do prostaglandins influence
Blood pressure, blood clotting, inflammation, GI, respiratory, reproductive, and kidney function
