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A&P 2 (AC) > Week Seven: Endocrine > Flashcards

Week Seven: Endocrine Flashcards

0
Q

Chemical messengers produces by endocrine glands and secretes direct into…

A

Blood vessels

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1
Q

What is he primary function of the endocrine system

A

Produces hormones

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2
Q

What is a negative feedback system

A

When level of specific hormone drops below needed levels, appropriate endocrine gland is stimulated to produce more hormone

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3
Q

Secretion of some hormones is stimulated by _______ nerve impulses when an animal feels threatened

A

Sympathetic

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4
Q

Which hormones stimulates fight or flight response

A

Epinephrine

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5
Q

What does the hypothalamus do

A

Controls activities of pituitary gland

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6
Q

Portal system of blood vessels links ______ with anterior portion of pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Modified neurons in hypothalamus secrete releasing and inhibiting factors into …

A

Portal blood vessels

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8
Q

Modified neurons in hypothalamus also secrete what

A

Anti diuretic hormone and oxytocin

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9
Q

How many pituitary glands do horses have

A

Three

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10
Q

What is adenohypophysis

A

Anterior pituitary

Stimulated by hypothalamus and direct feedback from target organs and tissues to produce it’s hormones

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11
Q

What is neurohypophysis

A

Posterior pituitary

Stores and releases hormones produced in hypothalamus

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12
Q

What is somatotropin and somatotropin hormone

A

Growth hormone
Promote body growth in young animals
Helps regulate metabolism or proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids in body’s cells

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13
Q

What does prolactin do

A

Trigger and maintain lactation

Secretion if milk by mammary glands

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14
Q

What is TSH and what does it do

A

Thyroid stimulating hormones

Stimulates growth and development of thyroid gland and causes it to produce it’s hormones

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15
Q

What is ACTH and what does it do

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Stimulates growth and development of adrenal cortex and release of some of it’s hormones

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16
Q

What is FSH and what does it do In female

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
Stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles
Produce and secrete estrogen

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17
Q

What does FSH do in males

A

Stimulates sperm

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18
Q

What is LH and what does it do

A

Luteinizing hormone
Causes ovulation
Completes process of follicle development in ovary

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19
Q

What is MSH and what does it do

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Control of color changes in pigment cells

20
Q

What does the posterior pituitary do

A

Stores anti diuretic hormone and oxytocin (keeps you from passing urine)

21
Q

What is ADH and what does it do

A

Anti diuretic hormone
Prevents diuresis (allowing kidneys to pass water)
Generates nerve impulses (causes release of ADH)

22
Q

What are the effects on the uterus from oxytocin

A

Causes contraction of myometrium at time of breeding and at parturition

23
Q

What effect does oxytocin have on active mammary glands

A

Causes movement I milk down to the lower parts of the glad (milk letdown)

24
Q

What does the thyroid hormone effect

A

Metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids

25
Q

What is calcitonin produces by

A

c cells

26
Q

What is calcium involved in

A

Muscle contraction, blood clotting, milk secretion, and formation and maintenance of the skeleton

27
Q

What is parathormone and what does it do

A

Parathyroid hormone
Helps maintain blood calcium levels
Presents hypocalcemia

28
Q

What does the adrenal cortex do

A

Produces numerous steroid hormones classified Ito three main groups

29
Q

What are the three groups of adrenal cortex

A

Glucocorticoid
Mineralocorticoids
Sex hormones

30
Q

What does the adrenal medulla do

A

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

Increase heart rate and output, increases blood pressure, dilates air passageways in lungs and decreases GI function

31
Q

What do alpha cells do

A

Produce glucagon

32
Q

What do beta cells do

A

Produce insulin

33
Q

What are pancreatic islets (islets of lanerhans)

A

Groups of cells scattered throughout the pancreas

34
Q

What is the endocrine component

A

Small percentage of total volume of organ

35
Q

What does insulin do

A

Lowers blood glucose levels by causing glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to be absorbed into body cells

36
Q

What does glucagon do

A

Lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose and by stimulating glucongenesis

37
Q

What does somatostatin do

A

Inhibits secretion of insulin, glucagon, and GH- diminishes GI activity

38
Q

What are interstitial cells

A

Clumps of endocrine cells

39
Q

What is the primary androgen in testes

A

Testosterone

40
Q

What are progestins

A

Group of hormones produced by corpus luteum

41
Q

What do kidneys do

A

Produce erythropoietin

42
Q

What is gastrin

A

Produced by cells in the wall of stomach

43
Q

What is produced by cells in the small intestine

A

Secretin and cholecystokinin

44
Q

What does cholecystokinin do

A

Stimulates pancreas to release digestive enzymes into duodenum

45
Q

What is melatonin

A

Hormone like substance called that seems to affect moods and wake/sleep cycles

46
Q

Where is melatonin

A

Pineal body

47
Q

What do prostaglandins influence

A

Blood pressure, blood clotting, inflammation, GI, respiratory, reproductive, and kidney function

A&P 2 (AC) (7 decks)

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