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A&P 2 (AC) > Week Eight: Urinary System > Flashcards

Week Eight: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the kidneys?

A

Maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

How do kidneys maintain homeostasis?

A

Through filtration, reabsorption, secretion
Fluid balance regulation
Acid-base balance regulation
Production of hormones

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3
Q

What cavity are the kidneys found in?

A

Retroperitoneal

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4
Q

In most domestic animals, right kidney is more ______ than the left

A

Cranial

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5
Q

Where is the hilus?

A

Indented area on medial side of the kidney (where ureters, nerves, blood, and lymph vessels enter and leave the kidney)

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6
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

Funnel-shaped area inside the hilus

Forms beginning of ureter

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7
Q

What type of cell is the renal pelvis lined with?

A

Transitional epithelium

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8
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

Outer portion of the kidney

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9
Q

What is the renal medulla?

A

Inner portion around the renal pelvis

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10
Q

What is the calyx?

A

Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis where the medullary pyramids fit

Act as funnels to direct fluid into renal pelvis

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11
Q

What is a nephron?

A

Basic function unit of kidneys

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12
Q

What does a nephron consist of?

A

Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule

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13
Q

Where is the renal corpuscle located?

A

In renal cortex

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14
Q

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

A

Filters blood in first stage of urine production

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15
Q

What is glomerular filtrate?

A

Fluid filtered out of blood

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16
Q

What are glomerulus?

A

“tuft” of capillaries

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17
Q

What is the renal corpuscle composed of?

A

Glomerulus and is surrounded by Bowman’s capsule

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18
Q

What is the proximal convoluted tubule? (PCT)

A

Continuation of capsular space of Bowman’s capsule

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19
Q

What type of cell is PCT lined with?

A

Cuboidal epithelial cells

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20
Q

What type of cell is the descending part of the Loop of Henle composed of?

A

Epithelial cells

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21
Q

At the bottom of the loop of Henle, the epithelial cells flatten to what type of cell?

A

Simple squamous epithelial cells

22
Q

Where does the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) empty into?

A

Collecting ducts

23
Q

Where does the renal artery enter the kidney at?

A

The hilus

24
Q

The renal artery divides into smaller arteries and arterioles and ends as what?

A

Glomerulas

25
Q

Afferent glomerular arterioles carry blood into…

A

Glomerular capillaries of renal corpuscle

26
Q

Glomerular capillaries filter some of the plasma out of blood and put it in the capsular space of….

A

Bowman’s capsule

27
Q

Efferent glomerular arterioles divide to form what?

A

Peritubular capillaries

28
Q

Where does oxygen transfer take place in the urinary system?

A

Peritubular capillaries

29
Q

Peritubular capillaries converge to form venules, then larger veins, and finally the…

A

Renal vein

30
Q

The renal vein leaves the kidneys at the _______ and joins the ______ portion of the caudal vena cava

A

Hilus; abdominal

31
Q

True or False

Glomerular capillaries contain fenestrations large enough to allow blood cells or large proteins to pass through

A

False, not large enough

32
Q

What is Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

How fast plasma is filtered through glomerulus

33
Q

Glucose and amino acids attach to ____ carrier protein and follow sodium into the cell by passive transport

A

The same carrier

34
Q

During sodium reabsorption, how is sodium moved into the PCT?

A

Sodium attaches to carrier protein that moves it into the PCT

35
Q

During sodium reabsorption, sodium is pumped out of the cell into _____ _____, where it moves into peritubular capillaries

A

Interstitial fluid

36
Q

Where are sodium ions reabsorbed?

A

Loop of Henle and DCT

37
Q

Where do potassium and calcium reabsorption take place?

A

In the PCT, ascending loop of Henle, and DCT

38
Q

Calcium moves from the filtrate under the influence of what three things?

A

Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin

39
Q

Where is magnesium reabsorbed from?

A

PCT, ascending loop of Hnele, and collecting duct

40
Q

Where does secretion in the urinary system primarily occur?

A

In the DCT

41
Q

What three things are eliminated by secretion in the urinary system?

A

Hydrogen, potassium, and ammonia

42
Q

What is urine volume regulation determined by?

A

Amount of water contained in the tubular filtrate when it reaches renal pelvis

43
Q

What is urine volume regulation controlled by?

A

Actions of ADH and aldosterone

44
Q

Aldosterone _____ reabsorption of sodium

Increase or decrease

A

Increases

45
Q

Ureters leave the kidney at the…

A

Hilus

46
Q

What kind of muscle is found in the ureters?

A

Smooth muscle

47
Q

What type of cell is the urinary bladder lined with?

A

Transitional epithelium

48
Q

What is micturition or uresis?

A

Expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder into the urethra

49
Q

A spinal reflex returns a motor impulse to bladder muscles causing them to…

A

Contract

50
Q

What gives the sensation of having to urinate?

A

Contraction of the bladder

51
Q

What carries urine from the urinary bladder to the external environment?

A

Urethra

A&P 2 (AC) (7 decks)

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