Final Questions Flashcards
What is myocardium?
heart muscle
What happens during systole?
Both AV valves close Pulmonary and aortic valves open
Where does blood go when it leaves the lungs?
Goes to the pulmonary vein
Where is the base of the heart?
At the atrium
Where is the apex of the heart?
Left ventricle
Which side of the heart has the thickest wall?
Left
When does cardiac depolarization happen?
During systole
What are the fibers of the heart?
Bundle of His, pkinje fibers (sp)
What is heart sound 2/”dub”?
Pulmonary/semilunar valve closing
On the left side of the animal, what heart sound is more pronounced?
Pulmonary
What is Starling’s law?
Stroke vol X heart rate = cardiac output
What happens when an animal is in shock?
Rapid heart beat/ decreased blood pressure
What does the T wave represent?
Repolarization of ventricles
Where is an IV catheter placed?
Cephalic vein
Where is the moderator band located?
Right ventricle of the heart
What is the most distal phalanx on a horse?
Coffin bone
What is the most distal part of the respiratory tract?
Aveoli
At what part does the respiratory and digestive system separate from each other? (What’s the last point they’re together)
Pharynx
What three things do the nasal passages do?
Warm, humidify, and filter
What is the function of the larynx?
Voicebox
When does the epiglottis cover the glottis?
When food or foreign material are present
What type of muscle does the trachea have?
Smooth muscle
What happens to the pH and breathing when CO2 decreases
pH increases Reduces breathing
What type of cells support a neuron?
Neuroglial cells
What are involuntary functions in the nervous system controlled by?
Autonomic system
When petting a dog, the receptors go to the brain, then back to the place he is getting pet. Is this (going back to where he is being pet) afferent or efferent?
Afferent
What part of the brain is responsible for intelligence?
Cerebrum
Where is the blood/brain barrier?
In capillaries
What is found in gray matter?
Neurons
What is found in white matter?
Myelin
In the sympathetic nervous system, what happens
Increased heart rate, dilated pupils, digestion is decreased (In charge of fight or flight)
Where are visceral sensations found?
Around organs
Where are temperature receptors found?
Hypothalmus
What body part does not contain nocioceptors
Brain
What is the name of the eardrum?
Tympanic membrane
Where does the middle ear open and equalize air pressure?
Eustachian tube
Where are the bones of the ear located?
Middle ear
What are the bones of the middle ear?
Incus, stapes, mallus
What part of the ear is responsible for hearing?
Inner ear
What is the glowy part of the eye?
Tapedum lucidium
What retinal cells are stimulated to color?
Cones
Where is the limbus?
Junction of the sclera and cornea
What is the most refractive part of the eye?
Cornea
What is the third eyelid called?
Nictitating membrane
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
What does the kidney produce?
Erythropoetin
What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Where does tubular reabsorption and secretion take place?
Peritubular capillaries
What type of cell is found in the urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelial
If there is a malfunction of the tongue, which cranial nerve is responsible?
Glossopharyngeal
What are the four parts of pain reception?
Transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception
Figure 8 of the heart:
