Week 9 - The oral cavity Flashcards
Where is oral vestibule?
-From the lips to the teeth, (including the alveolar mucosa, buccal gingiva, buccal mucosa)
Where is the oral cavity proper?
-From behind the teeth to the pharynx
Where is the nasopharynx?
-Section of the pharynx at the back of the nose upto the soft palate (in line with c1)
Where is the oropharyx?
-Part of the pharynx from the soft palate to the epiglottis (in ine with c2 and c3)
Where is the laryngopharynx?
-From the epiglottis to the oesophagus/trachea (in line with c4,5 and 6)
Where is the palatine tonsil?
-In between the anterior and posterior arch
What is the intermaxillary suture? Where is it made from?
-Groove in the midline of the hard palate produced by fusion of the two maxillary prominences of the 1st Ph A
From which bones does the soft palate hang?
- Palatine bone
- Lateral and medial pterygoid plates
- Vomer
What is the cause of a claft palate/lip?
-Failed fusion of the maxillary prominences and the nasal prominences
What innervates the muscles of the soft palate?
-All innervated by vagus except veli palatini
What is the clinical significance of the majority of the soft palate being innervated by vagus?
-Deviated uvula (from the root) denotes a lesion of the vagus nerve. It will be deviated away from the effected side due to unopposed pull
Which muscle of the soft palate lies over the anterior arch?
-Palatoglossus
Which muscle of the soft palate overlies the posterior arch?
-palatopharyngeus
Which muscle of the soft palate is also an extrinsic muscle of the tongue?
-Palatoglossus
Why is anaphalaxis of concern regarding the oral cavity? How is suffocation prevented?
- Inflammation of the oropharynx results in loss of airway patency as it is a small space
- Steroids, antihistamines and endotracheal tube
What is the labial and lingual frenulum?
- Labial frenulum between the labial gingiva and the lip
- Lingual frenulum between floor of mouth and tongue
What is gingivitis?
-Inflammation of the gingiva
What is the cause of being ‘tongue tied’? What problems can this cause for the neonate?
- Abnormally attached lingual frenulum
- Can affect a baby’s ability to suckle and interfere with feeding
Name the parotid duct
-Stensens duct
Name the submandibular duct
-Whartons duct
Name the teeth
- Central incisor
- Lateral incisor
- Canine
- 1st/2nd premolar
- 1st/2nd/3rd molar (3rd is variable. Wisdom tooth!)
How is the tongue split anatomically?
- Anterior 2/3
- Posterior 1/3
Describe the motor innervation of the tongue
-All hypoglassal except palatoglossal which is vagus
Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue
- Anterior 2/3 -> lingual nerve (V3) = general sensory, chorda typani = special sensory
- Posterior 1/3 -> glossopharyngeal =general and special
Name the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and state their actions
- Superior longitudinal -> curl sides up
- Vertical -> flatten and broaden
- Transverse -> pull sides in to protrude
- Inferior longitudinal -> curl sides down
What is the septum of the tongue?
-Point of attachment for all 4 intrinsic muscles
In a hypoglossal lesion, to which side will the tongue point?
-To the side of the lesion (due to unopposed push from the opposite side)
NAme the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus
- palatoglossus
What are taste buds?
-Papilla on the tongue formed by a special arrangement of mucosa to allow for special sense of taste
Name the tonsils in walyders ring
- palatine
- lingual
- tubal
- adenoid
What is the link between adenoids and otitis media?
-Repeated inflammation of the adenoids can lead to repeated blockage of the eustachian tube causing repeated episodes of otitis media
What is a quincy?
-Infection in the tonsil which has passed deep to the palatine tonsil and formed an abscess
Why can a quincy be a clinical emergency?
-Risk of airway blockage as such a small space and also the abscess is poor healing
