Week 4.1 - autonomic supply of head and neck Flashcards
Describe the sympathetic supply to the head
- Sympathetic fibres is entirely spinal from the thoracic output and synapse immediately to form the paravertebral chain, specifically superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglion and from here they enter the cranium and form internal carotid plexus
- Branches then hi-jack along the routes of arterial supply to reach their targets
What makes the brainstem?
- Medulla oblongata
- Pons
- Midbrain
Do the cranial nerves actually have parasympathetic fibres?
-No, the parasympathetic fibres hijack the pathway of the CNs
Does CNV have a parasympathetic input?
-No, the ganglia of 3,7,9 and 10 lay in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve
Which CN that carries parasympathetic fibres does not synapse in the head and neck?
-CNX
Name the 4 parasympathetic autonomic ganglia in the head?
- Ciliary ganglion
- Pterygopalatine ganglion
- Submandibular ganglion
- Otic ganglion
Which CN synapses on the ciliary ganglion?
-Oculomotor
Which CN synapses on the pterygopalatine ganglion?
-greater petrosal of facial nerve
Which CN synpases on submandibular ganglion?
-Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve
Which CN synapses on otic ganglion?
-CN IX
Where is the ciliary ganglion?
-Within the orbit, lateral to optic nerve (ophthalmic division of CNV)
What is the parasympathetic function of CNIII?
- The pupillae constrictor
- Ciliary muscles for accommodation
What is Horner’s syndrome?
- Ptosis, anhydrosis and miosis
- Damage to sympathetic chain
What is the parasympathetic nucleus of CNVII?
-Superior salivatory nucleus
What is the parasymapthetic funtion of CNVII?
(salivation and lacrimation)
- Lacrimal Gland
- Mucous gland of the nose
- Mucous glands of the palate
- Submandibular gland
- Sublingual gland
What is another name for pterygopalatine ganglion?
-Sphenopalatine ganglion
Which branch of facial nerve carries parasympathetic supply to lacrimal gland?
-Greater petrosal
Which branch of facial nerve carries parasympathetic supply to salivary glands?
-Chorda tympani
Which branch of glossopharyngeal nerve supplies parotid gland?
-Lesser petrosal nerve
What it the parasympathetic nucleus of CN IX?
-Inferior salivatory nucleus
What actions does the vagus nerve have in the head and neck?
-It is neck only -> laryngeal function
Describe the sympathetic functions of the head and neck?
- Sweat glands
- Pupillae dilator
- Smooth muscle in eyelid
- Salivary glands
- Swallowing
With what does the superior cervical ganglion ascend?
-Internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery
With what does the middle cervical ganglion ascend?
-Inferior thyroid artery
With what does the inferior cervical ganglion ascend?
-Vertebral arteries
Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion, relative to CNV?
-Within the maxillary division of CNV
Where are the submandibular and otic ganglion, relative to CNV?
-mandibular division
Where are all the the ganglia of the sympathetic outflow?
-Paravertebral or prevertebral chain
What is the stellate ganglion?
-Inferior cervical fusing with first thoracis
Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres?
-CN III, VII, IX and X
