Week 4.1 - autonomic supply of head and neck

Question 1

Describe the sympathetic supply to the head

Answer 1

• Sympathetic fibres is entirely spinal from the thoracic output and synapse immediately to form the paravertebral chain, specifically superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglion and from here they enter the cranium and form internal carotid plexus
• Branches then hi-jack along the routes of arterial supply to reach their targets

Question 2

What makes the brainstem?

Answer 2

• Medulla oblongata
• Pons
• Midbrain

Question 3

Do the cranial nerves actually have parasympathetic fibres?

Answer 3

-No, the parasympathetic fibres hijack the pathway of the CNs

Question 4

Does CNV have a parasympathetic input?

Answer 4

-No, the ganglia of 3,7,9 and 10 lay in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve

Question 5

Which CN that carries parasympathetic fibres does not synapse in the head and neck?

Answer 5

-CNX

Question 6

Name the 4 parasympathetic autonomic ganglia in the head?

Answer 6

• Ciliary ganglion
• Pterygopalatine ganglion
• Submandibular ganglion
• Otic ganglion

Question 7

Which CN synapses on the ciliary ganglion?

Answer 7

-Oculomotor

Question 8

Which CN synapses on the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 8

-greater petrosal of facial nerve

Question 9

Which CN synpases on submandibular ganglion?

Answer 9

-Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

Question 10

Which CN synapses on otic ganglion?

Answer 10

-CN IX

Question 11

Where is the ciliary ganglion?

Answer 11

-Within the orbit, lateral to optic nerve (ophthalmic division of CNV)

Question 12

What is the parasympathetic function of CNIII?

Answer 12

• The pupillae constrictor

- Ciliary muscles for accommodation

Question 13

What is Horner’s syndrome?

Answer 13

• Ptosis, anhydrosis and miosis

- Damage to sympathetic chain

Question 14

What is the parasympathetic nucleus of CNVII?

Answer 14

-Superior salivatory nucleus

Question 15

What is the parasymapthetic funtion of CNVII?

Answer 15

(salivation and lacrimation)

• Lacrimal Gland
• Mucous gland of the nose
• Mucous glands of the palate
• Submandibular gland
• Sublingual gland

Question 16

What is another name for pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 16

-Sphenopalatine ganglion

Question 17

Which branch of facial nerve carries parasympathetic supply to lacrimal gland?

Answer 17

-Greater petrosal

Question 18

Which branch of facial nerve carries parasympathetic supply to salivary glands?

Answer 18

-Chorda tympani

Question 19

Which branch of glossopharyngeal nerve supplies parotid gland?

Answer 19

-Lesser petrosal nerve

Question 20

What it the parasympathetic nucleus of CN IX?

Answer 20

-Inferior salivatory nucleus

Question 21

What actions does the vagus nerve have in the head and neck?

Answer 21

-It is neck only -> laryngeal function

Question 22

Describe the sympathetic functions of the head and neck?

Answer 22

• Sweat glands
• Pupillae dilator
• Smooth muscle in eyelid
• Salivary glands
• Swallowing

Question 23

With what does the superior cervical ganglion ascend?

Answer 23

-Internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery

Question 24

With what does the middle cervical ganglion ascend?

Answer 24

-Inferior thyroid artery

Question 25

With what does the inferior cervical ganglion ascend?

Answer 25

-Vertebral arteries

Question 26

Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion, relative to CNV?

Answer 26

-Within the maxillary division of CNV

Question 27

Where are the submandibular and otic ganglion, relative to CNV?

Answer 27

-mandibular division

Question 28

Where are all the the ganglia of the sympathetic outflow?

Answer 28

-Paravertebral or prevertebral chain

Question 29

What is the stellate ganglion?

Answer 29

-Inferior cervical fusing with first thoracis

Question 30

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres?

Answer 30

-CN III, VII, IX and X