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Head and Neck > Week 3.0 - Development of the nose and face > Flashcards

Week 3.0 - Development of the nose and face Flashcards

1
Q

What are neural crest cells?

A

-Specialised population of cells, present throughout the body, that arise within the lateral neuroectoderm

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2
Q

What happens to neural crest cells upon fusion of the neural tube?

A

-Displaced into mesoderm

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3
Q

What is the palpebral fissure?

A

-Spece between eyelids

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4
Q

What is the philtrum?

A

-Groove in upper lip

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5
Q

From where is the facial skeleton derived?

A

-Neural crest of first pharyngeal arch

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6
Q

Where do MoM arise from?

A

-Mesoderm of 1st Ph Arch

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7
Q

Where do muscles of facial expression arise from?

A

-Mesoderm of 2nd Ph Arch

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8
Q

What contributes to the facial primordia?

A
  • 1st pharyngeal arch

- Frontonasal Prominence

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9
Q

From where does the primordia of the eyes originate

A

-Frontonasal prominence

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10
Q

What is stomatoduem?

A

-Buccopharyngeal membrane -> primordia of the mouth

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11
Q

State the external features which arise from the frontonasal prominence

A
  • Forehead
  • Bridge of nose
  • Nose
  • Philtrum
  • Primary palate
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12
Q

State the external features which arise from the maxillary prominence of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A
  • Cheeks
  • Lateral upper lip
  • Lateral upper jaw
  • Secondary palate
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13
Q

State the external features which arise from the mandubular prominence of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

-Lowet lip and jaw

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14
Q

Where do the nasal placodes first appear? How?

A
  • Frontonasal prominence

- Thickening of the ectoderm

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15
Q

Describe the formation of the nose

A
  • Nasal placodes appear on FNP
  • Cells begin to differentiate and the placodes sink to form nasal pits
  • Medial growth of maxillary prominence pushes nasal prominence close together in midline
  • Maxillary prominences fuse with nasal prominences
  • Further maxillary prominence growth pushes medial nasal prominences together which then fuse
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16
Q

What is the intermaxillary segment during facial development?

A
  • Formed by fusion of medial nasal prominences

- > philtrum, upper jaw and primary palate

17
Q

What is the main section of the definitive palate?

A

-Secondary palate during development

18
Q

How is the nasal cavity initially separated from the oral cavity in facial development?

A

-Oronasal membrane

19
Q

From where does the primary palate arise?

A

-Intermaxillary segment

20
Q

From where does the secondary palate arise?

A

-From the palatal shelves from the maxillary prominence

21
Q

Describe the development of the secondary palate

A
  • Palatal shelves grow downwards into the oral cavity on each side of the developing tongue
  • Mandible grows large enough to allow tongue to drop downwards
  • Palatal shelves grow towards each other and fuse in the midline as the maxillary prominence develop
22
Q

Describe formation of nasal septum

A

-Grows down the midline and fuses with palatal shelves

23
Q

Why are the lip and palate described as being of dual origin?

A
  • Primary palate and philtrum from intermaxillary segment from medial nasal prominences (FNP)
  • lip and Secondary palate from maxillary prominence
24
Q

What is a lateral cleft lip?

A

-Failure of fusion of the medial nasal prominence and the maxillary prominence

25
Q

What is a cleft palate?

A
  • Failure of palatal shelves to meet in the midline

- Can either involve primary palate only or both primary and secondary palates

26
Q

Describe the formation of the eyes in facial development

A
  • Out-pocketings of forebrain grow out to make contact with overlying ectoderm of FNP forming the optic vesicle
  • Contact with ectoderm induces lens placode development due to thickening of ectoderm
  • Lens placode invaginates, with the optic vesicle, and pinches off forming the lens vesicle, the two surface of optic vesicle fuse together to form retina, surrounding the lens vesicle.
27
Q

Explain the positioning of the eyes in development

A
  • Primordia are positioned on the side of the head

- As facial prominences grow, the eyes move to the front of the face

28
Q

Describe the formation of the external ear

A
  • External auditory meatus develops from 1st pharyngeal cleft
  • Auricles develop from proliferation of the 1st/2nd Ph arches surrounding the meatus
29
Q

Descibe the positioning of the external ear

A
  • Primordia in the neck

- As mandible grows the ears ascend to the side of the head to lay in line with the eyes

30
Q

Describe the common facial features of fetal alcohol symdrome

A
  • Underdeveloped jaw
  • Flattened face
  • Smooth philtrum
  • Small palpebral fissures
  • Short height
31
Q

Why is alcohol so dangerous to the developing embryo?

A

-Freely crosses the placenta and interferes with neural crest migration and CNS development

32
Q

What 3 things drive development of the face?

A
  • Expansion of neural tube
  • Appearance of cranial gut tube and outflow of heart
  • Development of sense organs

Head and Neck (18 decks)

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