Week 9: Small Animal Thorax Flashcards
Three properties of body cavities
- Bounded by muscle and bone
- Lined by serous membrane
- Contain viscera
Ventral body cavities are divided by the diaphragm into
Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Skeletal boundaries of the thoracic cavity
- Dorsal: Thoracic vertebrae
- Lateral: Ribs and costal cartilages
- Ventral: Sternebrae and costal cartilages
Cranial and caudal borders of the thoracic cavity
Cranial: Thoracic inlet
Caudal: Diaphragm
Muscles of the thoracic wall are primarily used for
Respiration
Muscles of the thoracic wall include (9)
- Serratus dorsalis caudalis
- Serratus dorsalis cranialis
- External intercostals
- Internal intercostals
- Retractor costae
- Scalenus
- Rectus thoracis
- Rectus abdominis
- Transversus thoracis
Muscular parts of the diaphragm
- Right and left costal
- Sternal
- Lumbar with right and left crura
Tendinous parts of the diaphragm
- Central tendon
- Left and right crural tendons
Coverings and attachments of the diaphragm
- Pleural covering
- Diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
- Mediastinal attachment
- Plica vena cava
Openings of the diaphragm
- Lumbocostal arch
- Aortic hiatus
- Esophageal hiatus
- Caval foramen
Serous membranes (tunica serosa) is composed of
A secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and an underlying CT layer
Purpose of serous membranes
Secrete serous fluids to reduce friction
Serous membranes are named according to
Location and cavity they define
Parietal and visceral layers are
continuous
Three serous cavities within the thoracic cavity
- Left pleural
- Right pleural
- Pericardial
Pericardial cavity develops within…
continuous with…
- Mediastinum: the space between the two pleural cavities
- With the cervical visceral space
Five regions of the parietal pleura within the R and L pleural cavities of the thoracic cavity
- Costal
- Sternal
- Diaphragmatic
- Mediastinal
- Diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
Specific visceral pleura within the R and L pleural cavities of the thoracic cavity
Pulmonary pleura
Recesses of the thoracic cavity
- Pleural cupula
- Costodiaphragmatic
- Costomediastinal
- Mediastinal recess
The mediastinal recess contains
The accessory lobe of the right lung
Walls of the pericardial cavity are formed by a dense CT called the
fibrous pericardium
The fibrous pericardium is lined by
Partietal pericardium
The cervical visceral space is bounded by what muscles?
- Sternocephalicus
- Sternothyrohyodieus
- Longus capitis
- Longus coli
Contents of the visceral space include (6)
- Trachae
- Esophagus
- Thyroid and parathyroid glands
- Recurrent laryngeal nerves
- Trachael lymph nodes
- Carotid sheath
What is in the carotid sheath?
- Common carotid arteries
- Vagosympathetic trunks
- Internal jugular veins
Are the lungs in the mediastinum?
Nope
Two portions of the respiratory system
Conducting
Exchange
Conducting portion includes (2)
Trachae
Bronchial tree
Bronchial tree branches
- R and L principal bronchi
- Carina
- Lobar bronchi
- Branches of segmental bronchi
- Bronchioles
Exchange portion of the respiratory system begins at
the respiratory bronchioles
The respiratory bronchioles include
Alveolar ductules
Alveolar saccules
Trachae is composed of
Incomplete cartilaginous rings connected by tracheal (annular) ligaments
Functional blood supply to the lungs
Pulmonary a. and v.
Nutritive blood supply to the lungs
- Bronchoesophageal a.
- Azygous vein
Left lung is divided into
- Cranial: cranial and caudal parts
- Caudal
Costodiaphragmatic recess is located between
- Basal border of the lung
- Diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
Right lung is divided into
- Cranial
- Middle
- Caudal
- Accessory
Brachiocephalic trunk branches into
- Left common carotid
- Right common carotid
- Right subclavian
Branches of the descending thoracic aorta
- Dorsal intercostals
- Bronchoesophageal
Branches of the subclavian arteries
- Costocervical trunk
- Vertebral
- Superficial cervical
- Internal thoracic
Costocervical trunk supplies
Cranial intercostal spaces of and muscles of the neck
Vertebral a. supplies
Brain, extends through transverse vertebral foramina
Superficial cervical a. supplies
Superficial structures of the neck
Internal thoracic supplies
- Ventral intercostal aa - intercostal spaces
- Musculophrenic -diaphragm
- Cranial epigastric - continues
Veins of the canine thorax
- Right azygous
- Caudal vena cava
- Cranial vena cava
Plica vena cava envelopes
Caudal vena cava
Right phrenic nerve
