Week 8: Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Area of the abdominal wall

A

Extends from costal arch of pelvis and ventral border of the epaxial muscles to the linea alba (midventral midline)

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2
Q

Four main quadrants of the abdominal wall on each side

A
  1. Craniodorsal
  2. Caudodorsal
  3. Cranioventral
  4. Caudoventral
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3
Q

The cranial abdominal region includes

A
  • Xiphoid region

- Left and right hypochondriac regions

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4
Q

Middle abdominal region includes

A
  • Umbilical region

- Left and right lateral abdominal regions

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5
Q

Caudal abdominal region includes

A
  • Pubic region

- Left and right inguinal regions

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6
Q

What innervates the abdominal wall?

A

Ventral branches of spinal nerves T13-L5

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7
Q

Lateral cutaneous branches of ventral branches of spinal nerves T13-15 are located where?

A

Between skin and external abdominal oblique

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8
Q

Medial branches of ventral branches of spinal nerves T13-15 are located where?

A

Can be seen between internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominus

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9
Q

Ventral branch of L1

A

Cranial iliohypogastric

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10
Q

Ventral branch of L2

A

Caudal iliohypogastric

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11
Q

Ventral branch of L3

A

Ilioinguinal

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12
Q

Ventral branch of L4

A

Lateral cutaneous femoral

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13
Q

Blood supply to caudodorsal quadrant

A

Deep circumflex iliac artery

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14
Q

Blood supply to caudoventral quadrant and cranioventral quadrants

A

Caudal epigastric and caudal superficial epigastric arteries

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15
Q

Blood supply to craniodorsal quadrant

A

Phrenicoabdominal artery

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16
Q

Blood supply to mammae is provided by

A

Cranial and caudal superficial epigastric arteries

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17
Q

Internal thoracic gives rise to…

which gives rise to…

A
  • Cranial epigastric artery

- Cranial superficial epigastric artery

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18
Q

External pudendal artery gives rise to

A

Caudal superficial epigastric artery

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19
Q

What is the most superficial of the abdominal muscles?

A

External abdominal oblique

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20
Q

Fibers of the external abdominal oblique

A
  • Originate from ribs and thoracolumbar fascia

- Extend caudoventrally

21
Q

Where does the abdominal oblique attach?

A

The aponeurosis of this muscle attaches to the linea alba

22
Q

The caudal border of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique has what two tendons?

A

Pelvic tendon

Abdominal tendon

23
Q

Caudal-most edge of pelvic tendon

A

Inguinal ligament

Attaches to the iliopubic eminence and pectin

24
Q

The abdominal tendon contributes to

A

the pre-pubic tendon

25
Q

Three openings in the ventral aspect of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique and what passes through them

A
  • Vascular lacuna (femoral vv.)
  • Muscular lacuna (iliopsoas m.)
  • Superficial inguinal ring (vaginal process/tunic, genitofemoral nerve, external pudental a. and v., cremaster muscle )
26
Q

The superficial inguinal ring can be described as the opening between

A

The pelvic and abdominal tendons of the external abdominal oblique

27
Q

Fibers of the internal abdominal oblique run

A

Cranioventrally

28
Q

Insertion of the internal abdominal oblique

A

Via a wide aponeurosis on the costal arch, rectus abdominus, linea alba, and prepubic tendon

29
Q

Most medially located muscle of the abdominal wall

A

Transversus abdominis

30
Q

Fibers of the transversus abdominis run

A

transversely

31
Q

Rectus abdominis extends

A

From prepubic tendon to the sternum

32
Q

What is the six pack muscle and why

A

The rectus abdominis, due to transverse tendinous intersections

33
Q

What is the flexor of the vertebral column

A

Rectus abdominis

34
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Formed around the rectus abdominis m. by the aponeuroses of the abdominal oblique muscles and transversus abdominis

35
Q

Near the pubis, all three ANs lie

A

Superficial to the rectus abdominis m.

36
Q

Caudal to the umbilicus, where is the AN of the transversus abdominis?

A

Deep to the rectus abdominis

37
Q

Cranial to the umbilicus, the AN of the internal abdominal oblique

A

splits to form a sleeve around the rectus abdominis

38
Q

Boundaries of the deep inguinal canal

A
  • Cranial: Caudal border of the internal abdominal oblique
  • Medial: Rectus abdominis m
  • Lateral/Caudal: Inguinal ligament
39
Q

What is used to access the cecum in the horse?

A

Right paralumbar fossa

40
Q

What is used to access the rumen in the cow?

A

Left paralumbar fossa

41
Q

Origin of the internal abdominal oblique in the horse

A

Solely from the tuber coxae

42
Q

Origin of the internal abdominal oblique in the cow

A

Tuber coxae, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia

43
Q

What supports the heavy weight in of the abdominal viscera in the horse and cow

A

Flava abdominis

44
Q

Flava abdominis consists of what kind of tissue?

A

Elastic

45
Q

Flava abdominis is thickest ventrally, where it exchanges fibers with

A

The aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

46
Q

The prepubic tendon is susceptible to rupture in

A

A pregnant mare

47
Q

What prevents side kicking in the horse?

A

The accessory ligament of the femoral head, which extends from the prepubic tendon

48
Q

Borders of the paralumbar fossa in cattle

A
  • Base: Along tips of lumbar transverse processes
  • Cranioventral: Last rib
  • Caudoventral: Ridge formed by the IAO m.
49
Q

In the horse, the paralumbar fossa is accessed cranial to the

A

tuber coxae