Week 8: Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Area of the abdominal wall

Answer 1

Extends from costal arch of pelvis and ventral border of the epaxial muscles to the linea alba (midventral midline)

Question 2

Four main quadrants of the abdominal wall on each side

Answer 2

1. Craniodorsal
2. Caudodorsal
3. Cranioventral
4. Caudoventral

Question 3

The cranial abdominal region includes

Answer 3

• Xiphoid region

- Left and right hypochondriac regions

Question 4

Middle abdominal region includes

Answer 4

• Umbilical region

- Left and right lateral abdominal regions

Question 5

Caudal abdominal region includes

Answer 5

• Pubic region

- Left and right inguinal regions

Question 6

What innervates the abdominal wall?

Answer 6

Ventral branches of spinal nerves T13-L5

Question 7

Lateral cutaneous branches of ventral branches of spinal nerves T13-15 are located where?

Answer 7

Between skin and external abdominal oblique

Question 8

Medial branches of ventral branches of spinal nerves T13-15 are located where?

Answer 8

Can be seen between internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominus

Question 9

Ventral branch of L1

Answer 9

Cranial iliohypogastric

Question 10

Ventral branch of L2

Answer 10

Caudal iliohypogastric

Question 11

Ventral branch of L3

Answer 11

Ilioinguinal

Question 12

Ventral branch of L4

Answer 12

Lateral cutaneous femoral

Question 13

Blood supply to caudodorsal quadrant

Answer 13

Deep circumflex iliac artery

Question 14

Blood supply to caudoventral quadrant and cranioventral quadrants

Answer 14

Caudal epigastric and caudal superficial epigastric arteries

Question 15

Blood supply to craniodorsal quadrant

Answer 15

Phrenicoabdominal artery

Question 16

Blood supply to mammae is provided by

Answer 16

Cranial and caudal superficial epigastric arteries

Question 17

Internal thoracic gives rise to…

which gives rise to…

Answer 17

• Cranial epigastric artery

- Cranial superficial epigastric artery

Question 18

External pudendal artery gives rise to

Answer 18

Caudal superficial epigastric artery

Question 19

What is the most superficial of the abdominal muscles?

Answer 19

External abdominal oblique

Question 20

Fibers of the external abdominal oblique

Answer 20

• Originate from ribs and thoracolumbar fascia

- Extend caudoventrally

Question 21

Where does the abdominal oblique attach?

Answer 21

The aponeurosis of this muscle attaches to the linea alba

Question 22

The caudal border of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique has what two tendons?

Answer 22

Pelvic tendon

Abdominal tendon

Question 23

Caudal-most edge of pelvic tendon

Answer 23

Inguinal ligament

Attaches to the iliopubic eminence and pectin

Question 24

The abdominal tendon contributes to

Answer 24

the pre-pubic tendon

Question 25

Three openings in the ventral aspect of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique and what passes through them

Answer 25

- Vascular lacuna (femoral vv.) - Muscular lacuna (iliopsoas m.) - Superficial inguinal ring (vaginal process/tunic, genitofemoral nerve, external pudental a. and v., cremaster muscle )

Question 26

The superficial inguinal ring can be described as the opening between

Answer 26

The pelvic and abdominal tendons of the external abdominal oblique

Question 27

Fibers of the internal abdominal oblique run

Answer 27

Cranioventrally

Question 28

Insertion of the internal abdominal oblique

Answer 28

Via a wide aponeurosis on the costal arch, rectus abdominus, linea alba, and prepubic tendon

Question 29

Most medially located muscle of the abdominal wall

Answer 29

Transversus abdominis

Question 30

Fibers of the transversus abdominis run

Answer 30

transversely

Question 31

Rectus abdominis extends

Answer 31

From prepubic tendon to the sternum

Question 32

What is the six pack muscle and why

Answer 32

The rectus abdominis, due to transverse tendinous intersections

Question 33

What is the flexor of the vertebral column

Answer 33

Rectus abdominis

Question 34

Rectus sheath

Answer 34

Formed around the rectus abdominis m. by the aponeuroses of the abdominal oblique muscles and transversus abdominis

Question 35

Near the pubis, all three ANs lie

Answer 35

Superficial to the rectus abdominis m.

Question 36

Caudal to the umbilicus, where is the AN of the transversus abdominis?

Answer 36

Deep to the rectus abdominis

Question 37

Cranial to the umbilicus, the AN of the internal abdominal oblique

Answer 37

splits to form a sleeve around the rectus abdominis

Question 38

Boundaries of the deep inguinal canal

Answer 38

- Cranial: Caudal border of the internal abdominal oblique - Medial: Rectus abdominis m - Lateral/Caudal: Inguinal ligament

Question 39

What is used to access the cecum in the horse?

Answer 39

Right paralumbar fossa

Question 40

What is used to access the rumen in the cow?

Answer 40

Left paralumbar fossa

Question 41

Origin of the internal abdominal oblique in the horse

Answer 41

Solely from the tuber coxae

Question 42

Origin of the internal abdominal oblique in the cow

Answer 42

Tuber coxae, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia

Question 43

What supports the heavy weight in of the abdominal viscera in the horse and cow

Answer 43

Flava abdominis

Question 44

Flava abdominis consists of what kind of tissue?

Answer 44

Elastic

Question 45

Flava abdominis is thickest ventrally, where it exchanges fibers with

Answer 45

The aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

Question 46

The prepubic tendon is susceptible to rupture in

Answer 46

A pregnant mare

Question 47

What prevents side kicking in the horse?

Answer 47

The accessory ligament of the femoral head, which extends from the prepubic tendon

Question 48

Borders of the paralumbar fossa in cattle

Answer 48

- Base: Along tips of lumbar transverse processes - Cranioventral: Last rib - Caudoventral: Ridge formed by the IAO m.

Question 49

In the horse, the paralumbar fossa is accessed cranial to the

Answer 49

tuber coxae