Week 8: Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Area of the abdominal wall
Extends from costal arch of pelvis and ventral border of the epaxial muscles to the linea alba (midventral midline)
Four main quadrants of the abdominal wall on each side
- Craniodorsal
- Caudodorsal
- Cranioventral
- Caudoventral
The cranial abdominal region includes
- Xiphoid region
- Left and right hypochondriac regions
Middle abdominal region includes
- Umbilical region
- Left and right lateral abdominal regions
Caudal abdominal region includes
- Pubic region
- Left and right inguinal regions
What innervates the abdominal wall?
Ventral branches of spinal nerves T13-L5
Lateral cutaneous branches of ventral branches of spinal nerves T13-15 are located where?
Between skin and external abdominal oblique
Medial branches of ventral branches of spinal nerves T13-15 are located where?
Can be seen between internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominus
Ventral branch of L1
Cranial iliohypogastric
Ventral branch of L2
Caudal iliohypogastric
Ventral branch of L3
Ilioinguinal
Ventral branch of L4
Lateral cutaneous femoral
Blood supply to caudodorsal quadrant
Deep circumflex iliac artery
Blood supply to caudoventral quadrant and cranioventral quadrants
Caudal epigastric and caudal superficial epigastric arteries
Blood supply to craniodorsal quadrant
Phrenicoabdominal artery
Blood supply to mammae is provided by
Cranial and caudal superficial epigastric arteries
Internal thoracic gives rise to…
which gives rise to…
- Cranial epigastric artery
- Cranial superficial epigastric artery
External pudendal artery gives rise to
Caudal superficial epigastric artery
What is the most superficial of the abdominal muscles?
External abdominal oblique
Fibers of the external abdominal oblique
- Originate from ribs and thoracolumbar fascia
- Extend caudoventrally
Where does the abdominal oblique attach?
The aponeurosis of this muscle attaches to the linea alba
The caudal border of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique has what two tendons?
Pelvic tendon
Abdominal tendon
Caudal-most edge of pelvic tendon
Inguinal ligament
Attaches to the iliopubic eminence and pectin
The abdominal tendon contributes to
the pre-pubic tendon
Three openings in the ventral aspect of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique and what passes through them
- Vascular lacuna (femoral vv.)
- Muscular lacuna (iliopsoas m.)
- Superficial inguinal ring (vaginal process/tunic, genitofemoral nerve, external pudental a. and v., cremaster muscle )
The superficial inguinal ring can be described as the opening between
The pelvic and abdominal tendons of the external abdominal oblique
Fibers of the internal abdominal oblique run
Cranioventrally
Insertion of the internal abdominal oblique
Via a wide aponeurosis on the costal arch, rectus abdominus, linea alba, and prepubic tendon
Most medially located muscle of the abdominal wall
Transversus abdominis
Fibers of the transversus abdominis run
transversely
Rectus abdominis extends
From prepubic tendon to the sternum
What is the six pack muscle and why
The rectus abdominis, due to transverse tendinous intersections
What is the flexor of the vertebral column
Rectus abdominis
Rectus sheath
Formed around the rectus abdominis m. by the aponeuroses of the abdominal oblique muscles and transversus abdominis
Near the pubis, all three ANs lie
Superficial to the rectus abdominis m.
Caudal to the umbilicus, where is the AN of the transversus abdominis?
Deep to the rectus abdominis
Cranial to the umbilicus, the AN of the internal abdominal oblique
splits to form a sleeve around the rectus abdominis
Boundaries of the deep inguinal canal
- Cranial: Caudal border of the internal abdominal oblique
- Medial: Rectus abdominis m
- Lateral/Caudal: Inguinal ligament
What is used to access the cecum in the horse?
Right paralumbar fossa
What is used to access the rumen in the cow?
Left paralumbar fossa
Origin of the internal abdominal oblique in the horse
Solely from the tuber coxae
Origin of the internal abdominal oblique in the cow
Tuber coxae, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia
What supports the heavy weight in of the abdominal viscera in the horse and cow
Flava abdominis
Flava abdominis consists of what kind of tissue?
Elastic
Flava abdominis is thickest ventrally, where it exchanges fibers with
The aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
The prepubic tendon is susceptible to rupture in
A pregnant mare
What prevents side kicking in the horse?
The accessory ligament of the femoral head, which extends from the prepubic tendon
Borders of the paralumbar fossa in cattle
- Base: Along tips of lumbar transverse processes
- Cranioventral: Last rib
- Caudoventral: Ridge formed by the IAO m.
In the horse, the paralumbar fossa is accessed cranial to the
tuber coxae
