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First Semester: Gross Anatomy 1 > Week 13: Ruminant Abdomen > Flashcards

Week 13: Ruminant Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ruminant?

A

Mammals that are able to convert a plant’s cellulose lignin into fatty acids via bacterial fermentation.

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2
Q

Where does fermentation occur in the horse?

A

In the cecum and ascending colon

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3
Q

The horse is considered a “___-____” fermenter

A

Hind-gut

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4
Q

Four regions of the ruminant stomach

A
  • Reticulum
  • Rumen
  • Omasum
  • Abomasum
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5
Q

What is the true stomach in the ruminant and why?

A
  • Abomasum

- Glandular equivalent of the monogastric species

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6
Q

Purpose of a large abomasum in a newborn calf

A

Milk digestion

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7
Q

Orientation and size of the abdominal viscera varies with

A

Age and pregnancy

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8
Q

The stomach fills what side of the abdomen

A

Left

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9
Q

The stomach extends where?

A
  • From the diaphragm to the pelvic inlet

- Over the median plane to the right half of the abdominal cavity

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10
Q

The stomach is in contact with what?

A
  • The parietal surface of the left abdominal wall
  • Diaphragm
  • Floor of the abdomen
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11
Q

The visceral surface of the stomach faces where and is contact with what?

A
  • Right

- Intestines and liver

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12
Q

The rumen is divided into compartments by ____ on the surface that correlate with internal ____ on the luminal surface.

A
  • Grooves

- Pillars

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13
Q

What is the communication between the dorsal and ventral ruminal sac?

A

Intraruminal ostium

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14
Q

The intraruminal ostium is bound by

A
  • Right and left longitudinal pillars

- Cranial and caudal pillars

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15
Q

The internal aspect of the rumen is covered with

A

papilla

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16
Q

Papilla in the rumen will vary in size according to

A

Age, diet, and location in the rumen

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17
Q

Generally, the papilla in the rumen are larger in what direction?

A

Ventrally

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18
Q

Epithelium of papilla in rumen

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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19
Q

Purpose of papilla in rumen

A
  • Protective

- Not ideal for absorption

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20
Q

Another name for traumatic reticulitis

A

Hardware disease

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21
Q

Hardware disease

A

Metal collects in the reticulum and can puncture through diaphragm

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22
Q

Reticular groove is located where?

A

Between the left and right lips of the reticulum

23
Q

The reticular groove can close to form the ____ ____ in order to take ingesta from where to where?

A
  • Gastric groove

- From esophagus to abomasum

24
Q

Why would the reticular groove close?

A

Allows water to bypass rumen during dehydration

25
Q

Closure of the reticular groove is stimulated by what?

A

ADH

26
Q

Sequence of flow if reticular groove is closed

A
  • Cardia
  • Reticular groove
  • Reticulo-omasal orifice
  • Omasal groove
  • Omasoabomasal orifice
  • Abomasal groove
27
Q

Sequence of flow with open reticular groove

A
  • Cardia
  • Reticular groove
  • Reticulum
  • Ruminoreticular orifice
  • Rumen
  • Ruminoreticular orifice
  • Reticulum
  • Reguritation
28
Q

The gastric groove is made up of what?

A
  • Reticular groove
  • Omasal groove
  • Abomasal groove
29
Q

The cavity of the omasum is occupied by

A

Laminae

30
Q

Borders of the paralumbar fossa

A
  • Base: Lumbar transverse processes
  • Cranioventral border: Last rib
  • Caudoventral border: Ridge formed by the part of the internal abdominal oblique muscle that extends from the tuber coxae to the ventral end of the last rib of the ox
31
Q

In surgery, access to the rumen and reticulum is gained via

A

The left paralumbar fossa

32
Q

The superficial leaf of the greater omentum attaches where?

A

Left longitudinal groove of the rumen

33
Q

The deep leaf of the greater omentum attaches where?

A

Right longitudinal groove of the rumen

34
Q

Where do the bulk of the intestines reside?

A

The supraomental recess - a sling formed by the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum

35
Q

The superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum border what?

A

The omental bursa

36
Q

The lesser omentum connects what to what?

A

The lesser curvature of the abomasum to the hilus of the liver

37
Q

The supraomental recess is bounded by

A
  • The rumen on the left
  • The greater omentum on the right
  • Open-ended caudally
38
Q

Main blood supply to the rumen

A

The right ruminal artery - a branch of the splenic artery

39
Q

The right ruminal artery courses where?

A

In the right accessory groove, through the caudal groove

40
Q

The right ruminal artery gives off what branches? Where?

A

Right and left dorsal and ventral coronary arteries within correspondent coronary grooves

41
Q

The left ruminal artery courses where?

A

Through the cranial groove from the right to left and extends into the left accessory groove

42
Q

Main blood supply to the omasum

A

The left gastric artery, a branch of the celiac artery

43
Q

Main blood supply to the reticulum

A

Reticular artery of the left ruminal artery

44
Q

Main blood supply to the greater curvature of the abomasum

A

Left and right gastroepiploic arteries

45
Q

Main blood supply to the lesser curvature of the abomasum

A

Left and right gastric arteries

46
Q

Major innervation of the rumen, omasum, and reticulum

A

The dorsal vagal trunk

47
Q

Minor innervation of the rumen, omasum, and reticulum

A

The ventral vagal trunks

48
Q

Where are the caudal mediastinal lymph nodes located?

A

Dorsal to the esophagus

49
Q

Parts of the ruminant duodenum

A
  • Cranial part
  • Cranial flexure
  • Descending part
  • Caudal flexure
  • Ascending part
  • Duodenojejunal flexure
  • Mesoduodenum
50
Q

The jejunum surrounds what?

A

The spiral loop of the ascending colon

51
Q

Parts of the ruminant large intestine

A
  • Cecum
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Rectum
52
Q

Parts of the ascending colon

A

-Proximal loop
-Spiral colon
+ Centripetal gyri
+ Central flexure
+ Centrifugal gyri
-Distal loop

53
Q

What supplies the blood of the proximal loop and centripetal portion of ascending colon?

A

Colic branch of the ileocolic artery

54
Q

What supplies the blood of the centrifugal portion and distal loop of the ascending colon?

A

Right colic artery

First Semester: Gross Anatomy 1 (19 decks)

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