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First Semester: Gross Anatomy 1 > Week 13: Ruminant Abdomen > Flashcards

Week 13: Ruminant Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ruminant?

A

Mammals that are able to convert a plant’s cellulose lignin into fatty acids via bacterial fermentation.

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2
Q

Where does fermentation occur in the horse?

A

In the cecum and ascending colon

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3
Q

The horse is considered a “___-____” fermenter

A

Hind-gut

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4
Q

Four regions of the ruminant stomach

A
  • Reticulum
  • Rumen
  • Omasum
  • Abomasum
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5
Q

What is the true stomach in the ruminant and why?

A
  • Abomasum

- Glandular equivalent of the monogastric species

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6
Q

Purpose of a large abomasum in a newborn calf

A

Milk digestion

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7
Q

Orientation and size of the abdominal viscera varies with

A

Age and pregnancy

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8
Q

The stomach fills what side of the abdomen

A

Left

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9
Q

The stomach extends where?

A
  • From the diaphragm to the pelvic inlet

- Over the median plane to the right half of the abdominal cavity

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10
Q

The stomach is in contact with what?

A
  • The parietal surface of the left abdominal wall
  • Diaphragm
  • Floor of the abdomen
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11
Q

The visceral surface of the stomach faces where and is contact with what?

A
  • Right

- Intestines and liver

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12
Q

The rumen is divided into compartments by ____ on the surface that correlate with internal ____ on the luminal surface.

A
  • Grooves

- Pillars

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13
Q

What is the communication between the dorsal and ventral ruminal sac?

A

Intraruminal ostium

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14
Q

The intraruminal ostium is bound by

A
  • Right and left longitudinal pillars

- Cranial and caudal pillars

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15
Q

The internal aspect of the rumen is covered with

A

papilla

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16
Q

Papilla in the rumen will vary in size according to

A

Age, diet, and location in the rumen

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17
Q

Generally, the papilla in the rumen are larger in what direction?

A

Ventrally

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18
Q

Epithelium of papilla in rumen

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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19
Q

Purpose of papilla in rumen

A
  • Protective

- Not ideal for absorption

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20
Q

Another name for traumatic reticulitis

A

Hardware disease

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21
Q

Hardware disease

A

Metal collects in the reticulum and can puncture through diaphragm

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22
Q

Reticular groove is located where?

A

Between the left and right lips of the reticulum

23
Q

The reticular groove can close to form the ____ ____ in order to take ingesta from where to where?

A
  • Gastric groove

- From esophagus to abomasum

24
Q

Why would the reticular groove close?

A

Allows water to bypass rumen during dehydration

25
Closure of the reticular groove is stimulated by what?
ADH
26
Sequence of flow if reticular groove is closed
- Cardia - Reticular groove - Reticulo-omasal orifice - Omasal groove - Omasoabomasal orifice - Abomasal groove
27
Sequence of flow with open reticular groove
- Cardia - Reticular groove - Reticulum - Ruminoreticular orifice - Rumen - Ruminoreticular orifice - Reticulum - Reguritation
28
The gastric groove is made up of what?
- Reticular groove - Omasal groove - Abomasal groove
29
The cavity of the omasum is occupied by
Laminae
30
Borders of the paralumbar fossa
- Base: Lumbar transverse processes - Cranioventral border: Last rib - Caudoventral border: Ridge formed by the part of the internal abdominal oblique muscle that extends from the tuber coxae to the ventral end of the last rib of the ox
31
In surgery, access to the rumen and reticulum is gained via
The left paralumbar fossa
32
The superficial leaf of the greater omentum attaches where?
Left longitudinal groove of the rumen
33
The deep leaf of the greater omentum attaches where?
Right longitudinal groove of the rumen
34
Where do the bulk of the intestines reside?
The supraomental recess - a sling formed by the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum
35
The superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum border what?
The omental bursa
36
The lesser omentum connects what to what?
The lesser curvature of the abomasum to the hilus of the liver
37
The supraomental recess is bounded by
- The rumen on the left - The greater omentum on the right - Open-ended caudally
38
Main blood supply to the rumen
The right ruminal artery - a branch of the splenic artery
39
The right ruminal artery courses where?
In the right accessory groove, through the caudal groove
40
The right ruminal artery gives off what branches? Where?
Right and left dorsal and ventral coronary arteries within correspondent coronary grooves
41
The left ruminal artery courses where?
Through the cranial groove from the right to left and extends into the left accessory groove
42
Main blood supply to the omasum
The left gastric artery, a branch of the celiac artery
43
Main blood supply to the reticulum
Reticular artery of the left ruminal artery
44
Main blood supply to the greater curvature of the abomasum
Left and right gastroepiploic arteries
45
Main blood supply to the lesser curvature of the abomasum
Left and right gastric arteries
46
Major innervation of the rumen, omasum, and reticulum
The dorsal vagal trunk
47
Minor innervation of the rumen, omasum, and reticulum
The ventral vagal trunks
48
Where are the caudal mediastinal lymph nodes located?
Dorsal to the esophagus
49
Parts of the ruminant duodenum
- Cranial part - Cranial flexure - Descending part - Caudal flexure - Ascending part - Duodenojejunal flexure - Mesoduodenum
50
The jejunum surrounds what?
The spiral loop of the ascending colon
51
Parts of the ruminant large intestine
- Cecum - Ascending colon - Transverse colon - Descending colon - Rectum
52
Parts of the ascending colon
-Proximal loop -Spiral colon + Centripetal gyri + Central flexure + Centrifugal gyri -Distal loop
53
What supplies the blood of the proximal loop and centripetal portion of ascending colon?
Colic branch of the ileocolic artery
54
What supplies the blood of the centrifugal portion and distal loop of the ascending colon?
Right colic artery

First Semester: Gross Anatomy 1 (19 decks)

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