week 9 sem 2

Question 1

physical activity

Answer 1

any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure

Question 2

exercise

Answer 2

a type of physical activity that involves planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to maintain or improve one or more components of physical fitness

Question 3

therapeutic exercise

Answer 3

promote recovery and restoration of function

Question 4

5As of behaviour change

Answer 4

arrange, assess, advise, agree, assist

Question 5

Fundamental principles of exercise prescription include:

Answer 5

specificity
individualisation
progression
variation
reversibility

Question 6

FITT principle to guide
prescription

Answer 6

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
+ Volume

Question 7

Frequency

Answer 7

The number of times per week (or per day) an exercise is
performed

Question 8

Intensity

Answer 8

The rate at which the activity is performed or
the amount of effort (or feeling) required to
perform the activity or the load being moved

Question 9

Time (or quantity):

Answer 9

How long the exercise is done for (in
a session or in a set)

Question 10

Type

Answer 10

• Aerobic
• Resistance/strength training
• ROM or flexibility
• Motor control or balance

Question 11

Volume

Answer 11

• Volume is the product of time (or quantity), intensity and frequency

Question 13

FITT guidelines for flexibility/joint ROM are

Answer 13

F: 2–3 x week is effective in improving joint range of motion, with the greatest gains occurring with daily exercise
I: Stretch to the point of feeling tightness or slight discomfort.
T: Holding a static stretch for 10–30 seconds is recommended for most adults. In older persons, holding a stretch for 30–60 seconds may confer greater benefit.
T: A series of flexibility exercises for each of the major muscle-tendon units is recommended. Static flexibility (active or passive), dynamic flexibility, ballistic flexibility, and PNF are each effective. Flexibility exercise is most effective when the muscle is warm

Question 14

Passive movement to increase joint ROM and muscle flexibility

Answer 14

• Where the patient (+/- equipment) or therapist moves the hypomobile joint/limb through the
  available range without muscle contraction
• The patient may need to use equipment such as towels, belts or broom
• Rhythmical oscillations or sustained holds may be included

Question 15

Active-assisted movement to increase joint ROM and muscle flexibility

Answer 15

• Where the patient or therapist or
  equipment assists in moving the
  joint/limb through the available range
  with some muscle contraction
• The assistance is to facilitate
  movement to or through a range that
  can’t be achieved actively

Question 16

Active movement to increase joint ROM and muscle flexibility

Answer 16

Where the patient actively (with muscle
contraction) moves the joint/limb
through the available range (against
gravity or gravity minimized or with
gravity assistance)

Question 17

Functional or combined movements to increase joint ROM and muscle flexibility

Answer 17

• A progression from active movements
  eg Active shoulder flexion → shoulder press or freestyle
  stroke

Question 18

Static stretching to increase joint ROM and muscle flexibility

Answer 18

The aim is to apply tension to soft tissues (muscle, tendon, ligament, skin,
nerve

Question 19

How stretching works:

Answer 19

1. Changes in visco-elastic properties
2. Neural changes (reduced reflex activity)
3. Increased stretch tolerance

Question 20

SINS

Answer 20

serverity
irritability
nature
stage

Question 21

Guide for ROM prescription Decrease oedema

Answer 21

Active - Isotonic
(oscillations)
Avoid extreme ROM.
Consider muscle
guarding. Progressively
increase ROM as effusion
decreases.
>30
Eg. ankle pumps to reduce
oedema in ankle/calf following an
ankle sprain
Extremely low load
(feeling of
stretch/tension
only)
Several (2-4)
times per day

Question 22

Guide for ROM prescription Improve joint ROM

Answer 22

Passive, active, active
assisted, functional
End of range High repetitions >25, short or
sustained hold end of range
(depending on irritability)
Low load (feeling
of stretch/tension
→ feeling of some
minor pain for
chronic/low
irritability issues
may be OK)
Several (2-4)
times per day

Question 23

Guide for ROM prescription Improve muscle flexibility

Answer 23

Static stretch End of range. Specific
direction of muscle
alignments
Prolonged hold >30secs Low to moderate
load (feeling of
stretch/strong
stretch)
Daily