Week 9: Pain Flashcards
Distinguish between acute and chronic pain.
Acute pain is typically sharp, intense, and short-lived, serving as a signal of injury. Chronic pain persists for an extended period (3-6 months or longer)
Explain the central concept of the Gate Control Theory of Pain.
The Gate Control Theory suggests that a “gate” in the spinal cord can modulate the transmission of pain signals to the brain. This gate is influenced by both physiological factors (e.g., injury signals) and psychological factors (e.g., anxiety, distraction).
What are nociceptors and what role do they play in pain perception?
Nociceptors are specialized sensory receptors found throughout the body that detect and respond to potentially harmful stimuli like heat, pressure, or chemical irritants. When activated, they send pain signals to the brain.
Describe the psychological effects of emotions and attention on pain perception.
Emotions, particularly negative ones like fear and anxiety, can amplify pain perception (Meagher et al., 2001). Attention directed towards pain can also increase its intensity, while distraction can lessen it ( Bantick et al., 2001)
Summarize the Fear-Avoidance Model and its implications for chronic pain.
The Fear-Avoidance Model proposes that fear of pain can lead to avoidance of activities, perpetuating a cycle of inactivity, deconditioning, and increased pain sensitivity. This avoidance reinforces the fear, contributing to chronic pain development.
Name and briefly describe two pain assessment methods.
The Wong-Baker FACES scale utilizes facial expressions to help patients, especially children, communicate their pain intensity. The McGill Pain Questionnaire comprehensively assesses pain using various descriptors, providing a multidimensional picture of the pain experience.
What is the historical aim of pain treatment, and how has it shifted in recent approaches?
Historically, pain treatment aimed to eliminate pain completely. Modern approaches recognize that complete pain relief may not always be achievable, shifting the focus to managing pain, improving function, and enhancing quality of life.
What are the main goals of modern pain management programs?
Modern pain management programs aim to reduce pain perception, enhance coping mechanisms, increase functional capacity, minimize reliance on medications, and ultimately improve the individual’s overall quality of life.
Explain the key principles of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) in treating pain.
CBT for pain helps individuals identify and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs about pain, replacing them with more adaptive ones. It also teaches coping skills, relaxation techniques, and strategies for managing pain-related behaviors.
How does Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) approach pain management?
ACT for pain encourages acceptance of pain as a part of life rather than fighting or resisting it. It emphasizes focusing on values and engaging in meaningful activities, even in the presence of pain, to improve overall well-being.
