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Final: Ancient Religions > Week 9: Mysticism and Esotericism > Flashcards

Week 9: Mysticism and Esotericism Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Theurgy

A

Drawing on secret knowledge to access divine knowledge and power

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2
Q

What are the main sources on esotericism from Early Period Egypt?

A

Coffin texts

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3
Q

In Early Period Egypt, who were considered to be the ideal and true performers of the religion and only could be replicated by the king?

A

Baboons

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4
Q

What was the language of the Baboon?

A

Shouting, singing, and dancing

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5
Q

True or False: Baboons were seen as nearly theologically wiser than men, except for the king himself.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

When did the Book of the Dead first appear?

A

The New Kingdom

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7
Q

What is the Book of the Dead composed of?

A

a number of magic spells intended to assist a dead person’s journey through the Duat, or underworld

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8
Q

What is the best example of Egyptian Esotericism from the Middle Kingdom?

A

The Book of Amduat

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9
Q

What is the Book of Amduat about?

A
  • Text follows Ra through his 12 hour, daily journey, through the underworld
  • Claims that the human soul regenerates along with Ra
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10
Q

How does the Amudat directly contrast and oppose the Book of the Dead?

A
  • Instead of a separate journey to God, like the Book of the Dead, it is the same journey as the God that you take
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11
Q

In Mesopotamia, Mystic knowledge can only be acquired through:

A

Kingship

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12
Q

Who was the first divine king of Mesopotamia?

A

Naram-sin of Akkad

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13
Q

In Mesopotamia, which goddess was associated with divine kings?

A

Inanna

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14
Q

In which civilization would the head priestess have sex with the King in Sacred Marriage rituals?

A

Mesopotamia

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15
Q

True or False: In Mesopotamia, as a sacred marriage ritual, people would pretend to be and dress up as Ishtar and Dumuzi and have intercourse

A

TRUE

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16
Q

What was a significant symbol of faith in Mesopotamia?

A

The Sacred Tree

  • Top and Base represents Heaven and the Underworld
  • Trunk represents love
  • Fruits represents the virtues of divine power
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17
Q

What was the main value of Ishtar Cults?

A

asceticism

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18
Q

What was the Ocean of Enlightenment (Abzu) ?

A

-Refers to the source of all great wisdom

  • The ones who could achieve salvation and descend to the ocean of enlightenment (abzu) would be through decoding riddles given by the Gods through dreams and sacred scripture
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19
Q

What is Cryptography?

A
  • Text that one must decode to understand
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20
Q

True or False: In Mesopotamia, teaching esoteric information to the unworthy is subject to the punishment of the king

A

TRUE

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21
Q

What were the Secrecy Clauses in Ancient Mesopotamia?

A
  • These clauses identified certain texts as secret lore
  • Texts deemed as containing secret lore were contained within a confined circle
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22
Q

Where does Manicheism begin?

A

Sassanian Empire

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23
Q

Which religion blends ideas from Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, and Jewish Apocalypticism?

A

Manicheism

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24
Q

Define: Perfecti

A
  • The Manichean religious class of Monks and Nuns
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25
Q

Define: Auditores

A
  • The Manichean lay followers class
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26
Q

What was a key Manichean ritual?

A

Bema

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27
Q

Which Israelite prophet transcended to become chief of the Archangels?

A

Enoch

28
Q

What do the Heikhalot mystical texts say?

A
  • The Soul of the adept leaves the body to travel through the seven concentric palaces of heaven to the throne of YHWH
29
Q

Where was the Cult of the Eleusinian Mysteries located?

A

Athens

30
Q

What Goddess was the Eleusinian Mysteries devoted to?

A

Demeter

31
Q

What “gift” did Athens claim to have given to the world?

A

The Eleusinian Mysteires

32
Q

What was located inside the mysterious walls of the Eleusinian Mysteries?

A
  • A well
  • Demeter’s well that she wept in
33
Q

Where is the only known temple of Hades found?

A

Eleusis Sanctuary

34
Q

What was the Telesterion?

A
  • The massive, central building at Eleusis
35
Q

True or False: Some of the stumps at the Telesterion even dates to Mycenean times

A

TRUE

36
Q

Who was Mithras?

A

One of Ahura Mazda’s helpers in Zoroastrianism

37
Q

Where does the Cult of Mithras gain popularity? When?

A

The Roman Army, 3rd C. AD

38
Q

Typically, where did the Cult of the Mysteries of Mithras meet?

A

Subterranean chapels

  • Ex. Under the baths of Caracalla
39
Q

True or False: The Mysteries of Mithras was a Male only cult.

A

TRUE

40
Q

Define Mithraeum

A

The place of worship of the Cults of Mithras

41
Q

What Roman day landing on dec. 25th became the feast day of Mithras for the Cult of Mithras?

A

Day of the Unconquered Son

42
Q

Define Taurobolium:

A
  • A Roman religious ritual that involved standing under a bull, and showering in it’s blood when sacrificed
  • The initiation ritual to the Cult of Mithras
43
Q

Where could one find a Mithraeum in the Ancient World?

A

Wherever there was a Roman army

44
Q

What were the Furies?

A
  • Ghosts of those who were not mourned properly who came back to haunt
45
Q

What are Charon’s obols?

A
  • The small coins put in the mouths of the dead to pay Charon, the ferryman of the underworld, to take you across
46
Q

Typically, in Ancient Greece and Rome, burial sites had to be ______________ the city walls.

A

OUTSIDE the city walls (except for hero burials)

47
Q

How many days did the Romans require for mourning the dead?

A

9 Days

48
Q

In Egypt, what permitted you to have a nice afterlife?

A
  • Knowledge of the Book of the Dead
49
Q

What is the name for the sunny spot in Hades’ underworld?

A

Elysium

50
Q

Who is forced to stand in a river with burning thirst, but when he goes to drink, the water disappears?

A

Tantalus

51
Q

Why did the Gods punish Sisyphus?

A
  • Sisyphus tricked the Gods
52
Q

In ________________ there’s a notion that what we do in this life matters.

A

Zoroastrianism

53
Q

In which century do Greek philosophers start to reject the concept of afterlife?

A

6th c. BC

54
Q

In which century does the idea of a bodily resurrection occur?

A

2nd C. BC

55
Q

What were the 2 components of the soul in Ancient Egypt?

A

Ka: Physical representation of the soul

Ba: The dead’s ability to pass between realms

56
Q

What was the Duat?

A

The Egyptian underworld

57
Q

In Egypt, Those who lived a good, blessed life were sent to the _________________.

A

Field of Reeds (Aaru)

58
Q

In early mummification, the body was placed in ___________.

A

A fetal position

59
Q

What was the Festival of the Valley in Ancient Egypt?

A
  • Families feast with their deceased loved ones
60
Q

Define: Ekphora

A

The Egyptian funerary procession in which the body was brought to the resting chamber

61
Q

Define: Peristole

A

The wrapping of a mummified body in Egypt

62
Q

Define: Kedeia

A

The Grieving for the death in Ancient Egypt

63
Q

In which Mesopotamian text does it say that humans are created from the clay, flesh, and blood of a slain god?

A

Epic of Atrahasis

64
Q

Define: Kur

A

The Mesopotamian underworld

65
Q

Where geographically was the Kur thought to be?

A

Zagros Mountains in Iran

66
Q

What type of burial was reserved for Martyrs in the Greek world?

A
  • Octagonal burial

Final: Ancient Religions (6 decks)

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