Week 9 : Long Term Memory Flashcards
What is the structure of long term memory?
Declarative and non-declarative memory
What is declarative memory?
Semantic memory and episodic memory, explicit
What is non-declarative memory?
associative learning, skills, habits, implicit
What one is top down and what one is bottom up processing?
top down - declarative
bottom up - non-declarative
What is the ability of declarative memory?
The ability to recall events, facts and memories
What is the ability of non-declarative memory?
The ability to recall movement
What is procedural memory?
Skills like riding a bike which are learnt gradually over time.
What is priming?
Processing stimuli is influenced by previous stimuli being the same or similar. this occurs rapidly
What is anterograde amnesia?
Forgetting new information after a few seconds/minutes
What are two tasks that patient with amnesia?
mirror reading and the tower of Hanoi
What is the evidence for the disconnect of the two memories?
medal temporal region and frontal cortex reciprocal connections between frontal and temporal brain regions
What is the medial temporal region?
hippocampus, peririnhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex and amygdala
What is in the frontal cortex?
Dorsolateral and ventrolateral
What is double association?
Strong evidence for independent processes
What is the evidence for DD?
Patient JK, impaired implicit and intact explicit
What is in the neural circuit for implicit memory? think picture of brain
Premotor Cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and substainia nigra
What is consolidation?
a process lasting for hours to fix information into long term memory
What is evidence for consolidation?
Forgetting curve
What are the theories for forgetting?
Interference and decay
What is decay?
Memory trace fading
What is interference?
memory trace interrupted by other materials
What happens to memory during decay?
how much memory is retained depends on how much time has passed
What happens to memory during interference?
Memory is more forgotten the more interpolated events occur.
What is the relationship between consolidation and sleep?
more sleep you get is the more information that is fixed into long term memory
What is dementia?
Impairment in memory caused by progressive cell death
How is it characterised?
memory impairment, social impairment, impairment in executive functions. agnosia, apraxia, aphasia
What is degenerative dementia presumed to have?
Genetic cause
What is cortical dementia?
Alzheimer’s
What is subcortical dementia?
Parkinsons
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
Progressive disease with memory impairments
Alzheimers: What are the memory impairments?
semantic memory learning and learning new information
What are the language defects?
list generation, word finding, less complex sentences
What are the visual-spatial defects?
visual recognition and spatial awareness
What are the executive function impairments?
Planning, predicting
Where does cortical degeneration happen?
Entorhinal cortex, which explains why memory is the first to go
