Week 9 : Long Term Memory

Question 1

What is the structure of long term memory?

Answer 1

Declarative and non-declarative memory

Question 2

What is declarative memory?

Answer 2

Semantic memory and episodic memory, explicit

Question 3

What is non-declarative memory?

Answer 3

associative learning, skills, habits, implicit

Question 4

What one is top down and what one is bottom up processing?

Answer 4

top down - declarative
bottom up - non-declarative

Question 5

What is the ability of declarative memory?

Answer 5

The ability to recall events, facts and memories

Question 6

What is the ability of non-declarative memory?

Answer 6

The ability to recall movement

Question 7

What is procedural memory?

Answer 7

Skills like riding a bike which are learnt gradually over time.

Question 8

What is priming?

Answer 8

Processing stimuli is influenced by previous stimuli being the same or similar. this occurs rapidly

Question 9

What is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 9

Forgetting new information after a few seconds/minutes

Question 10

What are two tasks that patient with amnesia?

Answer 10

mirror reading and the tower of Hanoi

Question 11

What is the evidence for the disconnect of the two memories?

Answer 11

medal temporal region and frontal cortex reciprocal connections between frontal and temporal brain regions

Question 12

What is the medial temporal region?

Answer 12

hippocampus, peririnhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex and amygdala

Question 13

What is in the frontal cortex?

Answer 13

Dorsolateral and ventrolateral

Question 14

What is double association?

Answer 14

Strong evidence for independent processes

Question 15

What is the evidence for DD?

Answer 15

Patient JK, impaired implicit and intact explicit

Question 16

What is in the neural circuit for implicit memory? think picture of brain

Answer 16

Premotor Cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and substainia nigra

Question 17

What is consolidation?

Answer 17

a process lasting for hours to fix information into long term memory

Question 18

What is evidence for consolidation?

Answer 18

Forgetting curve

Question 19

What are the theories for forgetting?

Answer 19

Interference and decay

Question 20

What is decay?

Answer 20

Memory trace fading

Question 21

What is interference?

Answer 21

memory trace interrupted by other materials

Question 22

What happens to memory during decay?

Answer 22

how much memory is retained depends on how much time has passed

Question 23

What happens to memory during interference?

Answer 23

Memory is more forgotten the more interpolated events occur.

Question 24

What is the relationship between consolidation and sleep?

Answer 24

more sleep you get is the more information that is fixed into long term memory

Question 25

What is dementia?

Answer 25

Impairment in memory caused by progressive cell death

Question 26

How is it characterised?

Answer 26

memory impairment, social impairment, impairment in executive functions. agnosia, apraxia, aphasia

Question 27

What is degenerative dementia presumed to have?

Answer 27

Genetic cause

Question 28

What is cortical dementia?

Answer 28

Alzheimer’s

Question 29

What is subcortical dementia?

Answer 29

Parkinsons

Question 30

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 30

Progressive disease with memory impairments

Question 31

Alzheimers: What are the memory impairments?

Answer 31

semantic memory learning and learning new information

Question 32

What are the language defects?

Answer 32

list generation, word finding, less complex sentences

Question 33

What are the visual-spatial defects?

Answer 33

visual recognition and spatial awareness

Question 34

What are the executive function impairments?

Answer 34

Planning, predicting

Question 35

Where does cortical degeneration happen?

Answer 35

Entorhinal cortex, which explains why memory is the first to go