Week 7 : Everyday Memory Flashcards
What is everyday memory?
Memory phenomena that individuals experience daily
What is autobiographical memory?
memories of memories
What is a schema?
Integrated knowledge system allows us to make judgements/exceptations
What is a memory?
An interaction between an event and pre-existing schema
What is the schema processing principle?
Helps us updated previous schemas
What is childhood amnesia?
No recollection of life before 3 years of life (no autobiographical memory)
What are some explanations for childhood amnesia?
Repression - Freud. Neurological - still growing brain. Undeveloped schema and semantic memory and self recognition at 18 months
What is the reminiscence bump?
18-25 years old memories are remembered and reflected on
What causes this bump?
pre-frontal cortex is not developing or degrading
What are flashbulb memories?
Highly detailed and vivid memories
What is the cross-race effect?
Harder to identify cross-race than within race
What are the explanations for this?
Expertises hypothesis and the social cognitive
What is the expertise hypothesis?
So much more practice at differentiating faces
What is the social cognitive explanation?
Have to work harder to discriminate faces within race
What are the stages of eyewitness memory?
Perceptual stage, encoding stage, storage stage, retrieval stage
What can affect the perceptual stage?
lighting
What can affect the encoding stage?
level of arousal/stress, stress has a narrowing effect on memory
What can affect the storage stage?
Time fades memories
What can affect the retrieval stage?
Leading questions
What are the explanations for misinformation effects?
Vacant slot, memory consistence and response bias
What is eyewitness confidence?
There is a low correlation between accuracy and confidence
What are the three stages of the cognitive interviews
recall in different orders, recall the whole thing and from different perspectives