week 9 in tro to mechanics of breathing Flashcards
1
Q
what is the function of the respiratory system
A
- gas exchange between atmosphere and blood
- speech
- smell (nasal passages)
- maintains pH of blood
- enhances venous return
2
Q
gas exchanged is optimised by certain factors affecting diffusion rate what are they
A
- diffusion distance
2. large surfaces area
3
Q
what are the 3 types of alveolar cells
A
type 1 aveolar cells - squamous cell lining of alveoli type 2 - produce surfactant alveolar macrophages - phagocytose foreign materials
4
Q
what are the branching of airways of largest to biggest
A
trachea bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles
5
Q
what are the is the difference in cartilage in different parts of air way and what does the bronchioles have that is also different
A
trachea has c shaped rings to maintain shape(keep open) where as
bronchi have plates
- bronchioles also have smooth muscle to all dilation and constriction
6
Q
what is intra-aveolar pressure
A
pressure inside thee lungs (alveoli)
7
Q
what is the intrapleural pressure
A
- pressure inside the pleural sac -less then atmospheric pressure
8
Q
what are the 2 forces that hold the lung and thoractic wall together
A
- surfaces tention from intrapleural fluid
- transmural pressure gradient
9
Q
what is transmural pressure gradient
A
- the pressure different between the lungs and pleural cavity
- pushes lunges out towards the thoracic wall
- due to the pressure being bigger in lungs then outside pushes that way
