week 11 respiratory sys gas exchange and transport

Question 1

where does gas exchange occur

Answer 1

• alveoli and pulmonary capillaries

- systemic capillaries and tissue cells

Question 2

what is happening at the lungs with gas exchange

Answer 2

• o2 diffusion from aveoli tocapillaries and CO2 is doing opposite P =100 o2 and 40 co2

Question 3

how do oxygen and carbon dioxide travel in blood and what form

Answer 3

oxygen 
- 1.5% physically disolved 
- 98.5% bound to hemoglobin 
Carbon 
- 10% physically dissolved 
- 30% bound to hemoglobin 
- 60% as Bicarbonate

Question 4

how many binding sites does hemoglobin have

Answer 4

4

Question 5

what are the names of hemoglobin when it is bound and not bound to oxygen

Answer 5

bound = oxyheamoglobin

not bound = deoxyheamoglobin

Question 6

what are the 3 main points of the dissociation curve to do with oxygen and heamoglobin

Answer 6

• at the pulmonary capillaries almost all the hemoglobin are saturated
• when the blood is deoxygenated still 75% of the haemoglobin are oxygenated
• we have this amount left to be used when needed

Question 7

what is the bohr effect

Answer 7

co2 and h+ bind to protein part of the haemoglobin and change shape of the haemoglobin which decreases o2 affinity

Question 8

what is the process of co2 coming in and out

Answer 8

co2 in tissue is coverted to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

• chloride shift = the bicarbonate is exchanged for chloride on the outside of cell
• hydrogen ions bind to haemoglobin to maintain acidity

Question 9

what does controlling breathing involve

Answer 9

1. maintaining the rhythm of breathing
2. regulating rate and depth of breathing
3. modifying respiratory activity

Question 10

what does the dorsal respiratory group control

Answer 10

contraction of inspiration muscles

quiet breathing

Question 11

what does the ventral respiratory group control

Answer 11

inspiratory and expiratory contraction of muscles

forced breathing

Question 12

what is the chemical response to o2 dropping bellow 60mmhg

Answer 12

this stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors which send action potentials to medullary respiratory centre
then motor neuros are sent to increase respiratory rate through increasing muscle inspiration and expiration

Question 13

what happens if there is a increase in arterial peripheral co2

Answer 13

• learn last slide of this week