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Repro > Week 9 - Genital Tract Infections > Flashcards

Week 9 - Genital Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of abnormal discharge?

A

Chlamydia, gonnorhea, bacterial vaginosis, candida albicans, trichomonas vaginalis

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2
Q

Are STIs always transmitted via penetrative sex?

A

Nope, some via genital contact e.g. scabies

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3
Q

Risk factors for genital infections?

A 
Age 15-24
Younger age at virginity loss 
Condom use 
Low SES  
MSM 
Menstrual cycle stage 
Ethnicity
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4
Q

Name some burdens of STIs

A

PID, cervical cancer, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, syphilis systemic issues, increasing resistance, vertical transmission

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5
Q

Most common STI diagnosis?

A

Anogenital warts

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6
Q

Black population is more at risk of..

A

anogenital herpes, chlamydia and gonorrhea

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7
Q

When should you do rectal and pharyngeal samples?

A

For gonorrhea/chlamydia

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8
Q

What should you do bloods for?

A

Syphilis and HIV

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9
Q

Vulvovaginal swabs for…

A

Gonorrhea/chlamydia

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10
Q

High vaginal swabs for…

A

Trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis, candida

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11
Q

Endocervical swabs for…

A

gonorrhea

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12
Q

Swab ulcer base for…

A

HSV, dark ground microscopy or PCR for syphilis

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13
Q

Urethral sampling in males for…

A

Gonorrhea cultures

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14
Q

Full name of chlamydia and type of bacterium?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

Intra-cellular

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15
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia

A

M- dysuria, urethritis, epididymitis, prostatitis, proctitis

F- asymptomatic, increased discharge, post coital and intermenstrual bleeds, dyspareunia

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16
Q

Treatment of chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Doxycycline or Azithromycin

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17
Q

Organism of gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea, a gram negative intracellular diplococcus

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18
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhea?

A

M- urethral discharge, dysuria, anal discharge, pharyngeal infection but asymptomatic
F- asymptomatic, altered discharge, lower abdo pain, rectal and pharyngeal infections asymptomatic

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19
Q

Complications of gonorrhea?

A

PID, prostatitis, epididymo-orchitis

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20
Q

How to diagnose gonorrhea?

A

Vulvovaginal/rectal/pharyngeal samples for culture, microscopy for gram staining

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21
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea?

A

IM ceftriaxone + oral azithromycin

22
Q

Causative organism of syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum, a spirochete bacterium

23
Q

Group with highest prevalence of syphilis?

A

MSM 25-34

24
Q

Describe the multi-stage disease process of syphilis?

A

Primary: painless ulcer (chancre)
Secondary: 4-10wks later rash, mucosal lesions
Latent
Tertiary: up to 40yrs later neurosyphilis, cardiovascular syphilis, gummas (local destruction)
Congenital syphilis

25
Q

How to diagnose syphilis?

A

Dark ground microscopy & bloods

26
Q

Treatment for syphilis?

A

Early: benzathine x1
Late: benzathine x3
Neurosyphilis: IM procaine penicillin + probenecid x14

27
Q

Commonest cause of oro-labial herpes?

A

HSV-1

28
Q

Which type of herpes is most likely to cause recurrent symptoms?

A

HSV-2

29
Q

Symptoms of HSV?

A

Asymptomatic, painful ulceration, dysuria

+ Systemic symptoms: fever & myalgia

30
Q

Diagnosis of herpes?

A

Sample ulcer base

31
Q

Treatment for herpes

A

Aciclovir

32
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is..

A

a flagellated protozoa

33
Q

Vaginal discharge in trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Yellowy and frothy

34
Q

Symptoms in M of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Urethral discharge, dysuria

35
Q

Diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

High vaginal swab

36
Q

Treatment of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole

37
Q

Treatment for scabies?

A

Permethrin

38
Q

Treatment for pubic louse?

A

Malathion

39
Q

Which HPV types cause warts?

A

6 & 11

40
Q

Which HPV types cause cervical and anogenital cancer?

A

16 & 18

41
Q

Treatment for anogenital warts?

A

Spontaneous resolution 70% in 1 year

Topical treatment, cryotherapy

42
Q

Since 2012 HPV vaccination Gardasil protects against which HPV types?

A

6,11,16,18

43
Q

Commonest cause of abnormal discharge in Fs of childbearing age?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

44
Q

Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Receptive cunnilingus, vaginal douching, black, recent partner change, smoking

45
Q

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

A

Fishy discharge, no itch

46
Q

Treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole

47
Q

Symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Vagina discharge non-offensive, vulval itch, soreness, dyspareunia

48
Q

Risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Pregnancy, antibiotics, combined oral contraceptive, diabetes

49
Q

Diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

High vaginal smear

50
Q

Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Topical azole (clotrimazole)

51
Q

What is SARA?

A

Sexually acquired reactive arthritis- inflammation triggered by STI

52
Q

Name an example of SARA

A

Reiter’s syndrome- triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis (can’t pee, can’t see, can’t climb up a tree)

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