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Repro > Session 3- Gametogenesis/Puberty > Flashcards

Session 3- Gametogenesis/Puberty Flashcards

1
Q

How many oocytes are formed from meiosis II

A

1 mature oocyte, 3 polar bodies

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2
Q

How many eggs are produced in lifetime

A

400

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3
Q

How many sperm a day

A

200 million

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4
Q

Sources of genetic variation

A

Crossing over, random segregation, independent assortment

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5
Q

Stages of sperm production

A

Spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoa

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6
Q

What is spermiogenesis

A

Spermatid - spermatozoa

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7
Q

What is spermiation

A

Release of spermatids into tubule of seminiferous tubule

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8
Q

What is spermatogenic cycle versus wave

A

Cycle is how long it takes for one segment of seminferous tubule to see the same stage of sperm development (16 days), wave is the distance between the same stage in a tubule

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9
Q

% and purpose of each component of ejaculate

A

60% seminal vesicles- food (citrate, fructose, amino acids, PGs)
25% prostate- proteolytic enzymes and zinc (motility)
10% bulbourethral- lube and alkaline
5% sperm

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10
Q

Final maturation stage of sperm?

A

Sperm capacitation in female reproductive tract, glycoproteins and cholesterol removed from sperm membrane and can now undergo acrosome reaction

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11
Q

Stages of oocytes

A

Oogonia, primary oocytes, primordial follicles, primary follicles, secondary follicles (antrum), tertiary follicles (graafian)

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12
Q

When does an oocyte enter meiosis I

A

Between primary oocytes and primordial follicles

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13
Q

When does an oocyte enter meiosis II

A

When it’s a graafian (tertiary) follicle. Arrests at meiosis II 3 hours pre-ovulation

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14
Q

When does oocyte arrest at meiosis II and when does it continue

A

Arrests 3 hours before ovulation and continues only if fertilised

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15
Q

How soon will the graafian follicle degenerate if not fertilised

A

24 hours

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16
Q

At what stages do oocytes undergo atresia

A

Between 4-7months gestation and again during childhood, then some primordial follicles degenerate of the 15-20 chosen for each ovulation

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17
Q

What stimulates primordial follicular growth

A

FSH

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18
Q

What stimulates primordial follicular maturation

A

FSH and LH

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19
Q

Why is LH key for ovulation

A

Increases collegenase activity so that ovary can rupture

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20
Q

What is the role of PGs in ovulation

A

Ovarian wall contractions to help oocyte leave ovary

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21
Q

What is the corpus luteum made of

A

Remaining granulosa and theca interna cells

22
Q

What do the granulosa and theca interna cells become in the corpus luteum

A

Lutein cells, make oestrogen and progesterone

23
Q

How soon will the corpus lutuem die if no hCG

A

14 days

24
Q

For how long in pregnancy does the corpus luteum provide progesterone

A

4 months

25
Q

Describe egg transport

A

Fimbriae sweep over the ovary and the uterine tube contracts rhythmically

26
Q

How long will a fertilised oocyte take to reach uterus

A

3-4 days

27
Q

When does spermatogenesis and oogenesis start?

A

Sperm at puberty, oogenesis in fetus

28
Q

Location of spermatogenesis completion?

A

Testes. Although maturation continues for final stage (capacitation) in female tract

29
Q

Location of oogenesis completion?

A

Last stage in oviduct- meiosis II only completed if fertilised

30
Q

When do sperm become motile

A

In epididymis. Before then moved via sertoli cell secretions and peristaltic contractions

31
Q

Critical weight for female puberty

A

47kgs

32
Q

average age for M and F puberty

A

M 10-14, average 12.5

F 9-13, average 11.5

33
Q

Average length of puberty in M and F

A

2.4 for F, 3.2 for M

34
Q

Height growth per year in puberty

A

9cm for F, 10.3 for M

35
Q

First sign of puberty in M and F

A

M G2 stage- testicular volume 4ml

F B2 stage- breast buds

36
Q

Word for breast buds

A

Thelarche

37
Q

Word for pubic hair beginning

A

Adrenarche

38
Q

What initiates pubic hair growth in both sexes

A

Testosterone

39
Q

What drives genital growth in males

A

Testosterone

40
Q

What is the staging scale for puberty called

A

Tanner stage

41
Q

Why are men taller than women

A

Puberty is longer

42
Q

What does puberty end with

A

Epiphyseal fusion

43
Q

What is GnRH release from the hypothalamus affected by

A

Leptin and photoperiod

44
Q

Describe GnRH release

A

Pulsatile, every 1-3hours

Sleep related GnRH increase

45
Q

At what time does oestrogen/testosterone/LH increase

A

At night

46
Q

When is testosterone highest

A

Early am

47
Q

How long before puberty can noctural GnRH pulsatility be seen

A

a few years

48
Q

Tell me about growth hormone

A

Needed for somatic growth in puberty, stimulated by GHRH from hypothalamus. Acts on liver to produce IGF-1 for bone growth, acts on lots of tissues to stimulate growth

49
Q

Targets of FSH and LH in M and F

A

M- FSH to sertoli, LH to leydig

F- FSH to granulosa, LH to theca cells

50
Q

What do sertoli and leydig cells produce

A

Leydig makes testosterone, sertoli makes inhibin

51
Q

What do granulosa and theca cells produce

A

Granulosa makes oestrogen and inhibin, theca makes androgens

Repro (10 decks)

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