Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repro > Session 4- Menstrual cycle > Flashcards

Session 4- Menstrual cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Average length of cycle

A

21-35 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What determines the length of cycle

A

Length of follicular phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The menstrual cycle actually consists of two cycles in which organs…

A

Ovary and endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the phases in each of the two cycles

A

Follicular and luteal, proliferative and secretory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Theca cells produce

A

Androgens and progestins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Granulosa cells produce

A

Inhibins and oestrogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FSH stimulates

A

Granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

LH stimulates

A

Theca cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does the menstrual cycle need a waiting phase?

A

See if fertilisation has occurred before deciding to start again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Main role of FSH

A

Grows follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to LH and FSH after a dominant follicle is nominated?

A

FSH decreases due to inhibin negative feedback, LH doesn’t have this inhibition yet so get LH surge due to high oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens if there is continuous GnRH

A

GnRH receptors become desensitised (why GnRH agonist is useful for treating endometriosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is main role of LH

A

Drives ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What needs to happen before a follicle is capable of oestrogen secretion

A

FSH must develop follicle, then the theca interna forms, then oestrogen can be released (as well as inhibin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

After ovulation what happens to granulosa cells

A

They produce progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

After ovulation we want low FSH and low LH- so why not switch back to low oestrogen rather than having high oestrogen high progesterone?

A

Because we need to keep high oestrogen for maintaining endometrium until we know we aren’t pregnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does oestrogen cause in the endometrium

A

Proliferation

18
Q

What do oestrogen and progesterone both cause the endometrium to do

A

Secrete

19
Q

Describe layers of the uterus

A

Myometrium, endometrium (with basal layer and functional layer)

20
Q

Which layer of endometrium is shed

A

Functional layer of endometrium

21
Q

Does the myometrium also respond to oestrogen and progesterone?

A

Yes, but does not shed

22
Q

Describe how the uterus changes over the cycle

A

Early proliferative: glands sparse and straight
Late proliferative: functional layer doubles and coiled glands
Early secretory: max endometrial thickness, very pronounced coiled glands
Late secretory: saw-tooth shaped glands

23
Q

When is the only point that the endometrium has straight glands?

A

Early proliferative

24
Q

If LH falls and hCG doesn’t come, what happens?

A

Corpus luteum regresses, big drop in oestrogen and progesterone

25
Q

What produces hCG?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

26
Q

When is the syncytiotrophoblast produced?

A

In second week of development

27
Q

What does progesterone do to mucus

A

Becomes thick and acidic, physical barrier to sperm, prevents infection should pregnancy occur

28
Q

Luteal phase length…

A

Strictly controlled at 14 +/- 2 days

29
Q

How long does corpus luteum last for

A

14 days

30
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum when it degenerates

A

Becomes fibrous tissue, corpus albicans

31
Q

What is dysmenorrhea

A

Excessively painful periods affecting QoL associated with ovulatory cycles

32
Q

Causes of dysmenorrhea

A

Primary idiopathic or secondary to heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, obstructed menses

33
Q

Causes of obstructive menses

A

Congenital hypoplasia or atresia, vaginal septae (transverse), imperforate hymen

34
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

4-9 menses/year

35
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Primary is never >16yo, secondary is 6 months of no periods following menarche

36
Q

Heavy menstrual bleeding/Menorrhagia

A

> 80ml/mo or complaint of excessive

37
Q

Causes of menorrhagia

A

Endometriosis, endometrial cancer, polyps, fibroids (leiomyomas), warfarin, IUCD

38
Q

More severe form of PMS?

A

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

39
Q

Chromosomal causes of amenorrhea?

A

Turner syndrome- missing all/part of X chromosome in an F (46, X0/X). Webbed neck
Swyer syndrome- 46,XY but F genitalia, no ovaries. From undeveloped streak gonads

40
Q

What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Heavy and irregular bleeding secondary to anovulation

Repro (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions