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Repro > Session 1- Male > Flashcards

Session 1- Male Flashcards

1
Q

State layers of the testes

A

Some daft englishman called it the testes
Skin Dartos External spermatic fascia Cremasteric fascia and muscle Internal spermatic fascia Tunica vaginalis Tunica Albuginea

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2
Q

What is the dartos?

A

Muscle that wrinkles scrotum

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3
Q

Nerve supply to dartos

A

Genitofemoral nerve, L1/2

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4
Q

What is the cremaster

A

Muscle that elevates testes

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5
Q

What is the cremasteric reflex

A

Elevates testes in response to medial thigh stroke (afferent ilioinguinal or genitofemoral, efferent genital branch of genitofemoral)

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6
Q

What structure drains the testes?

A

Paminiform plexus drains into testicular vein

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7
Q

What is the spermatic cord

A

Structure travelling from deep inguinal ring - superficial inguinal ring - testes

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8
Q

Contents of spermatic cord

A

Vas deferens,
3 fascial layers- external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fasica
3 veins- testicular vein, vein to vas, cremasteric
3 arteries- testicular artery, artery to vas, cremasteric
3 nerves- ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, sympathetics (ejaculation by vas)

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9
Q

What’s a bell clapper deformity?

A

Testes on its side so tunica vaginalis is wider than the longer, prone to torsion

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10
Q

What happens first in torsion?

A

Vein obstructed first, then pressure builds, then obstructs artery

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11
Q

What are the three layers of the testes fascia made from?

A

External abdo oblique - external spermatic fascia
Internal abdo oblique - cremasteric fascia and muscle
Transversus abdominis - internal spermatic fascia

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12
Q

What is the descent of the testes guided by

A

The gubernaculum

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13
Q

Is the venous drainage of each testes different?

A

Yes- R drains into IVC, L drains into L renal vein

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14
Q

What % of ejaculate is sperm

A

5

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15
Q

What %s make up ejaculate

A

5% sperm, 10% bulbourethral, 30% prostate, 60% seminal glands

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16
Q

Function of sertoli and leydig cells

A

Sertoli are nurse cells for baby sperm, leydig make testosterone

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17
Q

What happens if excess fluid in tunica vaginalis

A

Hydrocoele

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18
Q

What is the rete testis

A

Sperm travel through after seminferous tubules to get into epididymis

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19
Q

Structurally, how is an erection formed

A

Collagen arranged at R angle in both longitudinal and circumferential to give cyclindrical erection

20
Q

What artery is in the middle of the corpus cavernosum

A

Cavernous artery

21
Q

If the penis looks like bug eyes, which bit is the eyes and which is the mouth (and where is urethra)

A

Corpus cavernosum is the eyes, corpus spongiosum is the mouth, urethra is in the mouth

22
Q

Describe what happens to the vas deferens during emission

A

Has SM peristaltic waves, supplied by autonomic nerves (inferior hypogastric plexus)

23
Q

3 zones of the prostate

A

Peripheral, central, transitional

24
Q

Name the artery, vein, and nerve in the layer outside the corpus cavernosum

A

Dorsal artery, deep dorsal vein, dorsal nerve

25
Q

Describe location of the three zones of the prostate

A

Peripheral is inferior and posterior
Central is directly inferior to bladder
Transitional is between peripheral and central

26
Q

Which prostate zone can you feel on DRE

A

Peripheral

27
Q

Which prostate zone will be enlarged in prostate cancer

A

Peripheral

28
Q

Which prostate zone will be enlarged in BPH

A

Transitional

29
Q

Describe lymphatic drainage of the testes and scrotum

A

Testes drain to para-aortic because that’s where they came from (risk of cervical spread)
Scrotum drains to inguinal

30
Q

Where is the prostate in relation to the internal and external urethral sphincters

A

Below IUS, above EUS

31
Q

Name the three parts of the male urethra

A

Prostatic urethra, membranous urethra (in bulbourethral area), penile (spongy) urethra

32
Q

Which part of the M urethra is the narrowest and least distensible?

A

Membranous urethra

33
Q

What are the 3 erectile tissues of the root of the penis?

A

Right crura, Left crura, bulb

34
Q

What do the R & L crura and the bulb become in the body of the penis

A

Crura become corpus cavernosum, bulb becomes corpus spongiosum

35
Q

Why is it called the spongiosum

A

Only partly fills with blood so as not to occlude the urethra

36
Q

What are the muscles in the root of the penis

A

Bulbospongiosus x2 - empties spongy urethra of contents and maintains erection
Ischiocavernosus x2 - forces blood from crura into cavernosa for erection

37
Q

What forms the glans penis?

A

Corpus spongiosum

38
Q

Describe the blood supply to the penis

A

Internal iliac - internal pudendal - dorsal & cavernous arteries

39
Q

Fractured penis?

A

Ruptured tunica albuginea- won’t get straight erection if scar forms

40
Q

Describe the route of sperm

A

Seminal vesicle, epididymis, Up through vas deferens, joins with seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct, into prostatic urethra

41
Q

Scrotal swelling differentials

A

Torsion, cancer, hydrocoele, epididymitis, inguinal hernia, varicoele, epididymal cysts, spermatocoele

42
Q

What is varicoele

A

Distention of pampiniform plexus, seen on surface as tortuous mass

43
Q

Why is varicoele normally on the left

A

because left testes drains into L renal vein not IVC, and enters at a right angle rather than obliquely

44
Q

What is the most common age for hydrocoele and why

A

1-2yo because path of descent is still patent and fluid fills the tunica vaginalis

45
Q

How to tell difference between epididymal cysts and spermatocoele

A

Well they’re both in the epididymis but the spermatocoele one won’t transilluminate because its filled with sperm

Repro (10 decks)

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