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PSYCH 360 Final > Week 9: Attraction > Flashcards

Week 9: Attraction Flashcards

1
Q

What is one ingredient that leads to attraction?

A

Proximity

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2
Q

The more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends and lovers

A

Proximity (Propinquity effect)

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3
Q

“Functional Distance”

A

Allows for more interaction and friendships

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4
Q

Proximity leads to attraction because of the mere

A

exposure effect

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5
Q

What is a second ingredient that leads to attraction?

A

similarity

We are attracted to people who are like us

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6
Q

Why does similarity lead to liking?

A

We assume others with similar attitudes will like us –> Initiate freindship

Social validation –> suggests we are right

We feel we are better understood

Assume we will enjoy interacting with someone with similar beliefs.

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7
Q

What is self expansion?

A

increase in potential efficacy

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8
Q

What is one mechanism of self-expansion motive?

A

engaging in novel and arousing activities

ex. after skydiving, one acquires this experience and the sense of adventure.

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9
Q

What does “inclusion of other in the self” mean?

A

Cognitive overlap between self and other

“feeling” as if the other’s resources, perspectives, and identities are one’s own.

Ex. Basking in reflected glory
Ex. Finishing each others sentences.

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10
Q

What is the third ingredient that leads to attraction?

A

reciprocal liking

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11
Q

reciprocal liking may lead to attraction only when people have high self esteem. Why?

A

those with low self-esteem doubt that other person likes them

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12
Q

What is the fourth ingredient that leads to attraction?

A

physical attraction.

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13
Q

Generally, concepts of beauty are

A

shared

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14
Q

In women, big eyes show baby like qualities and prompt..

A

feelings of nurturance

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15
Q

In men, promimentn cheek bone and chin are a sign of

A

sexual maturity.

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16
Q

Beauty standards are similar in most cultures. There is a high agreement of attractiveness world-wide

Why?

A

certain qualities noted as attractive over course of evolution

Preference for averaged face over single face

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17
Q

what is the matching hypothesis?

A

The tendency for peopel to pair up with others who are equally physically attractive

  • Predicts relationship satisfaction and longevity
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18
Q

What is complex matching?

A

When people are able to attract partners more physically attractive than themselves by offering compensatory assets (e.g. money)

A traditional type of pairing is gender-linked: Old wealthy man –> young attractive woman

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19
Q

What is beautiful is good stereotype:

A

the assumption that physically attractive people are superior to others on many traits.

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20
Q

One theory suggests there are two types of love (Bersheifl and Hatfield)

A

Companionate love

Passionate love

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21
Q

What is companionate love?

A

intimacy and affection for another person we care deeply about

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22
Q

What is passionate love?

A

intense longing and physiological arousal for another person

23
Q

What is the triangular theory of love?

A

intimacy, passion, commitment

24
Q

In relation to the triangular theory of love, what is intimacy (liking)?

A

when you feel a bond toward another without feeling intense passion of long-term commitment (close friendship)

25
Q

In relation to triangular theory of love, what is passion (infactuation)?

A

passionate arousal without intimacy or commitment (eg. one night stand)

26
Q

In relation to triangular theory of love, what is commitment (empty love)?

A

commitment wihtout intimacy or passion (e.g arranged marriage)

27
Q

The 3 ingredients to love can be combined to form more complex forms of love. True or false.

A

TRUE

28
Q

Intimacy + Passion =

A

Romantic love

29
Q

Intimacy + Commitment =

A

Companionate love

30
Q

Passion + Commitment =

A

Fatuous love

31
Q

Intimacy + Passion + Commitment =

A

consummate love

32
Q

Men are _____ likely to endorse love at first sight

A

more

33
Q

Men report falling in love ______

A

faster

34
Q

Women endorse more practical, friendship based views of love

A

TRUE

35
Q

Men and women both rate companionate and passionate love highly- men are _____ lkely to endorse romantic love

A

more

36
Q

What is evolutionary theory?

A

suggests love and attraction is driven by goal of passion on genes

37
Q

In social exchange theory: feelings about one’s relationship depends on

A

cost/reward of current relationship –> reward/cost ratio

Feelins of what one feels they deserve –> comaprison level

whether they could have a better relationship elsewhere –> comparison level for alternatives.

38
Q

We need to consider level of _________

A

investment

39
Q

Investments can include tangibles, or intangibles

A

tangibles –> money house possessions

Intengibles –> emotions, time

greater investment –> less likely to leave

40
Q

what is equity theory?

A

People are happiest with relationships where the reward/cost ratio is similar for both people involved.

Feel uneasy when over-or-under benefitted.

41
Q

In relation to equity theory, what are exchange relationships?

A

repay is immediate
feel exploitd when contributions are not returned
keep track of who contributes what
helping other has little effect on mood

42
Q

In relation to equity theory, what are communal relationships?

A

Dont like to be repaid immedietly
Dont feel exploited when contributions are not returned
dont keep track of who contributes what
Helping others makes up happy

43
Q

What are positive illusions?

A

idealizations of our romantic partner in order to maintain the relationship

44
Q

The more we idealize our partners, the _______ we are and the longer our relationships last

A

happier

Partners also begin to “live up” to the positive illusions

45
Q

Positive illusions create a __________ __________ prophesy

A

Self-fulfilling

Over time people come to see themselves as their partners see them

46
Q

WHY RELATIONSHIPS END:

What are the 4 horsemen (negative communication styles)

A

Criticism
Defensiveness
stonewalling
contempt

47
Q

In relation to negative communication styles, what is criticism

A

Attack of partners character
ex. you’re such a slob you never clean up after yourself

Antidote: talk about your feelings using “I” statements

48
Q

In relation to negative communication styles, what is defensiveness?

A

cross complaining: seeing self as the victim
ex. yes, but you…
Really just a way to blame your partner and the problem isnt solved

Antidote: accept responsibility

49
Q

In relation to negative communication styles, what is stonewalling?

A

withdrawing, cutting off communication –> cold rejection of partner

one person shuts down and closes himself/herself off from the other

Antidote: actively communicate with your partner.

50
Q

In relation to negative communication styles, what is contempt?

A

treating partner with disrespect
ex. mocking with sarcasm, name calling, eye rolling
conveys disgust
number 1 predictor of divorce

Antidote: always treat your partner with respect.

51
Q

It’s okay to have negative emotions/interactions, BUT

A

need 5:1 ratio of good : bad

52
Q

People mistakenly infer what is causing them to feel the way they do

A

Misattirubtion of arousal revisited.

53
Q

What is the commitment calibration hypothesis?

A

The impact of adversity on a relationship dpends on commitment to relationship

PSYCH 360 Final (5 decks)

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