Week 11: Aggression Flashcards
What forms can aggression take?
physical, verbal or non-verbal
What is the definition of aggression?
intentional behaviour done to cause physical or emotional pain.
What are the two types of aggression?
1) Hostile
2) Instrumental
What is hostile aggression?
inflicting pain on someone else is the main goal
What is instrumental aggression?
Inflicting pain on someone else is a means to an end.
What are the causes of aggression?
situational, individual differences, and cultural differences.
T/F:
Seeing aggressive behaviour leads others to copy, especially when the aggressive behaviour is rewarded.
TRUE
Sports (crowds cheer for fights, rough players getting playing time)
Business (cut throat behaviour –> raise)
We learn social behaviour (aggression) by ___________ others and _______. SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
observing others and imitating
What are some media (situational) influences of hostie aggression?
video games, movies, music
Anderson & Dill (2000), correlation between amount of time playing violent video games and aggressive delinquent behaviour
r=.46
In relation to situational infuences, what is income inequality?
not about how much you have, but how much you have relative to others nearby
What is relative deprivation?
the discontent peoel feel when they compare their positions to others and realize that they have less of what they believe themselves to be entitled to than those around them
Greater income inequality –> more homicides
WHY?
intense competition for economic resources and mates
What is frustration-aggression theory?
When we become frustrated, we may act aggressively.
What leads to frustration?
when a goal we’re striving for is blocked
What is free will?
The notion that humans decide their actions
internal local of control
What is determinism?
Behaviour is determined by external forces (ex. God)
External locus is related to determinism
T/F: Locus of control is associated with attitudes about human aggression
TRUE
According to StatsCan (2008), men were considered the accused in:
81% of cases of violent victimization against women
79% of caes of violent victimziation against men
What is honour?
one’s worth in one’s own eyes and in the eyes of others
Emphasizes the importance of social image and one’s reputation
T/F” Hnour might be especially important for collectivist cultures
TRUE
Family valuse, harmony, and respect are emphasized
a challenge to a persons honour can lead to aggression, violence, and even death.
What is masculine honour?
follows an assertive male gender role
A person’s reputation for hard working, having and suporting a family, having sexual experience, and defending oneself against insults
An important predictor of violent crime and behaviour
BUt also respect, bravery, fearlessness, pride and charisma.
What is southern culture of honour?
where men are extremely concerned with maintaining heir reputation and protecting their honour (in that culture)
What is feminine honour?
follows traditional female gender roles
- the obligation of a woman to maintain her reputation behaving with sxual modesty and chastity.
What is social honour?
the reputtaion of an individual for honesty and fair dealings
Expresses the image of the self to the persns social group
What is family honour?
the view that one’s duty is to behave in a way that protects the honour of the family, and to ocrrect the reputation-damaging behavour of other family members
What is catharsis?
“blowing off steam” by performing, watching or imagining an aggressive act
Releases built up aggressive energy –> reduce likelihood of aggressive behaviour
Concept from Freud’s theory of aggressive impulses –> hydraulic model
Reducing aggression: violent sports
playing: football players are more aggressive late in the season
Watching: fans are more aggressive during/after games than before
According to Albert Bandura, if kids see models react non-aggressively when provoked, less aggressive behaviour is a result
TRUE
What is the defuse frustration/anger through apology..
quickly offering an apology for misdeeds avoids frustration turning to anger
What is empathy?
ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and experience some of the same feelings that person is experiencing
Is catharsis (ex. violent sports) a good meethod to reduce aggression?
no
What are 3 effective ways to reduce aggression?
Provide better role models
Defuse anger through apology
Empathy
what is classism?
beliefs, attitudes, practices, and structures that create and maintain privileges for certain economic classes and disadvantages for other economic classes
