Week 10: Prosocial behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

what is prosocial behaviour?

A

any act performed with the goal of benefitting another person

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2
Q

What is altruism?

A

a voluntary act to help someone
it does not benefit the self (no expectation of any reward)
May even involve a cost to the self

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3
Q

What is an altruistic personality?

A

dispositional tendency to help others across a wide variety of situations

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4
Q

Most prosocial behaviours studied are not very representative of those actually occuring in the real world

A
  • lab and field studied typically focuses on helping strangers in a short duration
  • in real life we tend to help those close to us.
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5
Q

What are the 4 dimensions of helping?

A
  1. Casual helping
  2. Substantial helping
  3. Emotional helping
  4. Emergency helping
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6
Q

What is casual helping?

A

involves low cost on the helper

Helping with a homework assignment or schoolwork
Lending a book, notes, record album

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7
Q

What is substantial helping?

A

involved higher costs - personal relationship between helper and recipient

lending your car, giving someone a large gift
giveng someone a ride a long distance
- helping someone pack or move

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8
Q

What is emotional helping?

A

involves intimacy between helper and recipient

listening to someone talk through a problem
- givign advice about a situation someone is in
“ being there” for someone, providing loyalty

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9
Q

What is emergency helping?

A

involves an important service to a person in need

starting a car or changing a tire for someone

  • taking care of someone who is sick
  • walking someone home at night
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10
Q

What are the 4 personal factors to helping?

A

Gender, Culture, education, mood

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11
Q

For years, research assumed men helped more, why?

A

heoric helping
studies by men
- which gender helps more depends on the type of help

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12
Q

Men are more likely to help in Heroic situations

A

save neighbor from burning house

Emergency helping

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13
Q

women receive more help. Especialyl when

A

dressed feminely

why

Helpess female stereotype

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14
Q

We are much more likely to help an ingroup mmebers than an _______ member

A

outgroup

Especially true in interdependent cultures

We feel epathy toward ingroup members which leads to helping

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15
Q

interdepdent cultures help _______ members more than independent cultures

A

in group

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16
Q

independent cultures help ________ members more than interdependent cultures

17
Q

Mood affects helping behaviour

A

Both good and bad moods increase helping relative to neutral mood

18
Q

Being in a good mood can increase helping for 3 reasons:

A

More likely to make positive attributions for others’ behaviour and give them the benefit of the doubt
Helping helps us maintain good mood

Good moods increase self-attention, so we act moer consistently with our values.

19
Q

When feeling sad, peope are motivated to do things that make them feel better

A

ex dnate to charity

Negative state relief

20
Q

Being in a bad mood may also lead to helping by relieving feeligns of guilt

A

good deeds cancel out bad deeds

21
Q

What are the situational factors to helping?

A

environment
number of bystanders
priming

22
Q

Steblay (1987) investigated helping behaviour in rural and urban environments

A

strangers were more likely to be helped in rural communities

23
Q

A direct relationship between community size and helping up to approx

A

50 000 people

24
Q

What is urban overload hypothesis?

A

urban environment constantly bombard us with stimulation - we keep to ourselves to avoid being overwhelmed by it
- in small communities, we know many of our neighbors and it is harder to refuse to help

25
city density is ______ important than city size
more
26
Kitty Genevese murder
Initial reaction --> nasty NYrs Internal attribution, fundamental attribution error Lesson of social psych - power of the situation
27
What is the bystander effect?
the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help the victim
28
Notice event: hurry or distracted --> less likely to notice
less liekly to help
29
To interpret an emergency..
confusing when others are around - take cues from them. Are they calm or panicked?
30
What is pluralistic ignorance?
phenomenon where bystanders assume nothing is wrong because everyone else looks unconcerned.
31
What is diffusion of responsibility?
each bystander's sense of responsbiliity to help drops as the number of bystanders increases only witness --> feel responsibilitiy to help Group of witnesses --> assume others will do it.
32
Even if we have noticed the event, interreted it as an emergency, took responsbiliity, we still msut decide what form of help is appropriate.
If we don't know what form of assistance to give, we will be unable to help.
33
Deciding to help: What are some reasons to not intervene?
you might not be qualified to deliver the right kind of help Embarrassment if not an emergency May open yourself up to liabilitiy