Week 9: Attitudes and Attitude Change Flashcards
_____________ are evaluations of people, objects and ideas.
Attitudes
Identical twins have _______ similar attitudes than fraternal twins.
a. more
b. less
c. the same
d. none of the above
a. more
The three components of attitude are:
___________, ___________, and ___________.
cognitive, affective, and behavioural
________ based attitudes are attitudes based primarily people’s beliefs about the properties of an attitude object.
Cognitively
Henry’s attitude on a vacuum cleaner is based on his beliefs about the objective merits of various brands, such as how well they clean up dirt and how much they cost.
This is likely to be a/an ______ based attitude.
cognitively
______ based attitudes are an attitude based more on people’s feelings and values than on their beliefs about the nature of an attitude object.
Affectively
John’s attitude on cars are dependent on the cars giving him a sense of pleasure, luxury, and prestige, which is why he likes the Ferrari brand of cars.
John’s attitude is likely a/an _______ based attitude.
affectively
______ ______ is the phenomenon whereby a stimulus that elicits an emotional response is repeatedly paired with a neutral stimulus that does not, until the neutral stimulus takes on the emotional properties of the first stimulus.
Classical conditioning
In Pavlov’s experiment, dogs had salivated after hearing a bell noise despite not given any food. This is an example of _____ _____.
classical conditioning
______ ______ is the phenomenon whereby behaviours we freely choose to perform become more or less frequent, depending on whether they are followed by a reward or punishment.
Operant conditioning
Shanice is at the playground, whenever Shanice walks towards the sandpit, her mother scolds her as she does not want Shanice to get dirty from the sand. As a result, Shanice goes over to the sandpit less frequently.
This is an example of _____ _____ whereby her behaviour becomes less frequent as she is afraid of the _____, which is her being scolded by her mother.
operant conditioning, punishment
________ based attitudes are attitudes based on observations of how one behaves towards an object.
Behaviourally
Ethan was asked by his friend on how much he likes to exercise, he replies, “Well I guess I like it, because I always seem to be running when I’m bored.”.
From this, we can determine that Ethan likely has a/an ______ based attitude.
behaviourally
______ attitudes are attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report.
Explicit
_____ attitudes are attitudes that exist outside of our conscious awareness.
Implicit
Which of the following conclusions is the most consistent with research on the heritability of attitudes?
a. Our attitudes are shaped by our surroundings and do not seem to have any genetic component to them.
b. Our attitudes are inherited and dictated by our genetic makeup, with little influence from environmental factors.
c. We often inherit a temperament or personality that renders us likely to develop similar attitudes to those held by our genetic relatives.
d. Fraternal twins are just as likely to share attitudes as are identical twins.
c. We often inherit a temperament or personality that renders us likely to develop similar attitudes to those held by our genetic relatives.
People’s emotional reaction to a target is referred to as the ______component of attitudes.
a. affective
b. behavioral
c. cognitive
d. operant
a. affective
Which component of an attitude is most related to the process of examining facts and weighing the objective merits of a target?
a. Affective
b. Behavioral
c. Cognitive
d. Operant
c. Cognitive
Your tendency to experience happy, excited, or nostalgic feelings when you hear your favorite childhood cartoon theme song being played somewhere can be best explained by the relationship of attitudes to _______
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. self-perception.
d. values.
a. classical conditioning.
When asked why Jessica preferred dogs over cats, she reasons: “because (1) dogs are friendly, (2) they create warm and fuzzy feelings in me, and (3) I spend a lot of my time online looking at their photos or watching their videos.” Each of her reasoning represents which of the following kind of attitudes?
a. Cognitive, Behavioral, Affective
b. Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral
c. Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral
d. Behavioral, Affective, Cognitive
c. Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral
_____ _____ is the strength of the association between an attitude object and a person’s evaluation of that object, measured by the speed with which people can report how they feel about the object.
Attitude accessibility
In attitude accessibility, if accessibility is _____, your attitude comes to mind whenever you see or think about the attitude object.
a. high
b. low
c. medium
d. none of the above
a. high
In attitude accessibility, if accessibility is low, the attitude comes to mind more _____ whenever you see the attitude object.
a. quickly
b. slowly
b. slowly
When a person’s experience towards an attitude object is more direct, their accessibility to the attitude would be _________
a. increased
b. decreased
c. remain the same
d. none of the above
a. increased
