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PSY325 > Week 9 - Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Week 9 - Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

When does anxiety become a disorder?

A

When feelings of tension and anxiety persist for most days for 6 months or more

There is not a proportional threat or stressor

Excessive fear and anxiety

Behavioural disturbances

Physical symptoms

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2
Q

What are the different types of anxiety disorders?

A

Generalised anxiety disorder

Panic disorder

Social anxiety disorder

Specific phobia

Separation anxiety disorder

Selective mutism

Agoraphobia

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3
Q

What are some treatments for anxiety disorders?

A

Psychotherapy
CBT
Medications
Healthy lifestyle

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4
Q

What are some medications for anxiety disorders?

A

Anti-depressants (SSRI and SNRI)

Benzodiazepines

Beta-blockers

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5
Q

What are some risks associated with anxiety?

A

Higher risk of depression, alcohol or other drug dependence

High risk of co-morbidity with other anxiety disorders

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6
Q

What neurotransmitter systems are targeted by anxiety drug treatments?

A

Serotonin

Noradrenaline

GABA

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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of benzodiazepines?

A

Withdrawal syndrome is frequently mistaken by patients as indicating that the anxiety for which the drug was originally started has returned

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8
Q

How do benzodiazepines assist with anxiety disorders?

A

Reduces somatic and psychological symptoms of anxiety in panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and for high potency benzodiazepines, social anxiety disorder

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9
Q

Why are barbiturates and benzodiazepines commonly mistaken for one another?

A

They are both in the same drug classification

They act similarly when it comes to how they affect the human body

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10
Q

What is the composition of barbituates?

A

Varies as it is an umbrella term for sedative-hypnotics that affect the CNS

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11
Q

What are the forms of barbituates?

A

Overwhelmingly were and are capsules or pills

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12
Q

What are the effects of barbiturates?

A

Sedative

Anxiety reduction

Hypnotic

Anti-conlulsant

Anesthetic

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of barbiturates?

A

Highly addictive

Extremely dangerous if mismanaged

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14
Q

How is physiological and psychological dependence different for barbiturates and benzodiazepines?

A

Barbs:
High physiological and psychological dependence

Benzos:
Less physiological and psychological dependence

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15
Q

Can you use both barbiturates and benzodiazepines long term?

A

No

Barbs:
Long term use avoided due to toxicity

Benzo:
Long term use relatively safe

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16
Q

How does sleep differ for those taking barbiturates and benzodiazepines?

A

Barbs:
Sleep induced by it causes hangover effect after waking up

Benzo:
Sleep induced by it is just like natural sleep and is refreshing to wake up

17
Q

How is the GABA CI channel affected by barbiturates and benzodiazepines?

A

Barbs:
Increase duration of GABA CI channel opening

Benzo:
Increase frequency of GABA CI channel opening

18
Q

How does respiratory depression differ for barbiturates and benzodiazepines?

A

Barbs:
High respiratory depression

Benzo:
Manageable respiratory depression

19
Q

How do beta blockers treat anxiety?

A

manages physical symptoms

20
Q

Is there evidence of a dose-response relationship between anti-depressants and anxiety?

A

Little evidence

Many patients will respond to standard doses

21
Q

Why should clinicians avoid rapid dose escalation for patients with anxiety?

A

Anxiety is generally slower to respond to treatment than depression

22
Q

How long does it take for SSRIs and SNRIs to have an anxiolytic effect?

A

4-6 weeks

23
Q

How long does buspirone take to have anxiolytic effects?

A

2 weeks

24
Q

How does buspirone interact with the presynaptic and post synaptic receptors?

A

Buspirone is a full agnost at presynaptic 5HT1A receptors

Buspirone is a partial agonist at postsynaptic 5HT1A receptors

25
Q

What are the serotonin pathways for SSRs and SNRIs?

A

Distribution of serotonin and raphe nuclei through context and into the cerebellum

26
Q

What is the fear center model?

A

Threat > Sensory system > Fear circuit > fear responses (Defensive behaviour, physiological responses)

27
Q

What is the two-system model?

A

Threat > sensory system cognitive circuit > fear ((Defensive survival circuit)) > Defensive responses

PSY325 (11 decks)

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