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PSY325 > Week 2 - Neuropsychological assessment > Flashcards

Week 2 - Neuropsychological assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of a referral?

A

Initiatives neuropsychological assessment process

Provides basic informative details

Asks a referral question

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2
Q

What is involved in the preliminary information gathering stage?

A

research

eg. look at radiology reports

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3
Q

What are some things to consider when researching support services treatments?

A

Behaviours

Physical limitations

Cognitive profile

Everyday functioning

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4
Q

What is included in a clinical interview?

A

A reconstruction of clinical issues and history

Data to understand

What was the person like beforehand?

Observe behaviour

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5
Q

What is the goal of neuropsych?

A

To predict or decide on a clinical category

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6
Q

What are the clinical categories?

A

Diagnosis vs no diagnosis

Impaired vs not impaired

Severe impairment vs mild impairment

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7
Q

How does additional information affect the specificity of the testing you do?

A

Increase sensitivity and specificity

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8
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

The probability that a test correctly identifies a clinical category given they actually do have it

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9
Q

What is specificity?

A

The probability that the test correctly detects or classifies a normal performance

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10
Q

What does a true negative refer to?

A

Specificity

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11
Q

What does true positive refer to?

A

Sensitivity

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12
Q

What are some examples of important historical information to collect?

A

Basic demographic data

Medical history

Legal history

Many more

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13
Q

How does self-reported cognitive functioning help diagnosis?

A

Helps to establish insight into difficulties

Helps to guide what tests need to be administered

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14
Q

________ is a catalyst for change

A

Insight

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15
Q

What are the steps to interviewing volunteers?

A
  1. Broad questioning
    Always ask about ‘thinking’ difficulties first
  2. If information not volunteered, prompt the client to think about difficulties in various cognitive domains
  3. If they still don’t volunteer information, ask more specific situational questions as a prompt if you think it is necessary
  4. where difficulties are indicated, be inquisitive about it. Aim to develop a clear understanding of the exact nature of the difficulty
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16
Q

What causes may undermine a neuropsychological assessment?

A

Anxiety

too hot or cold

Subjected to unusual or unpredictable sights and sounds

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17
Q

Why may some patients not give their best efforts during neuropsychological testing?

A

Referred involuntarily

Do not understand reason for assessment

Can take advantage of the opportunity to work to potential

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18
Q

When setting up a room for neurological testing, what should be considered?

A

little to no distractions

Close curtains/blinds if there is a window to prevent glare

No noise

Welcome and friendly appearance

Conservatively decorated

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19
Q

Why is it important to keep your testing tools close?

A
  • decrease assessment time

- smooth transition from one test to the next

20
Q

How should the researcher order tasks?

A

To avoid discouraging patient early, start with easy tasks and move to harder ones

21
Q

When is it appropriate to stretch testing out across multiple sessions?

A

For patients who are easily distractible,

when they have low energy levels

22
Q

The underlying assumption of neuropsychological testing is that performance of patients represent their best efforts. True or false?

A

False

23
Q

Patients may not give their best effort because:

a) they are depressed
b) they are involved in litigation
c) they are medically ill
d) all of the above

A

d

24
Q

Any room is sufficient for testing

True of false?

A

False

25
Q

Is it preferable to complete testing in one day

True or false

A

True

26
Q

It is easy to determine through simple observation that a patient is applying adequate effort to the task at hand. True or false?

A

True

27
Q

Which of the following is not true?

a) examiners should score as they go
b) examiners should observe the patient’s behaviour
c) examiners should record every statement by a patient
d) examiners should keep test materials ready

A

c

28
Q

It is permissible to violate standardised testing procedures for the sake of testing the limits. True or false

A

False

If testing the limits is required for additional info, it should only occur after a test has been administered according to standard procedures

29
Q

Test administration requires

a) helping patients with explanations of direction
b) following test instructions exactly
c) using a wall clock to time tests
d) informing patients that their answers are correct

A

b

30
Q

The examiner who is thoroughly familiar with the scoring guidelines is best able to discern the score value of a response quickly and accurately.

True or false

A

True

31
Q

Pantomime and gestures may have to be used when testing individuals with impairments in

a) hearing
b) vision
c) motor impairments
d) memory

A

a

32
Q

How does the examiner increase the likelihood of adequate motivation in an assessment?

A

Spend some time before the formal testing explicitly asking the patient whether she/he understands the reasons for the examination and let them ask questions.

33
Q

What are formal tests of malingering or dissimulation?

A

Tests that identify if somebody may have a motivation to perform poorly by comparing their performance with people who have brain damage

34
Q

What are some behavioural observations that a clinician can use to indicate a client’s degree of effore?

A

Appearance

Arousal

Attitude towards examiner

Attitude towards test

Level of cooperation, effort and attention

Work habits

speech and language

Behaviours (Motivation, anxiety, affective state)

35
Q

What are some behavioural observations that a clinician can use to indicate a client’s degree of effort?

A

Appearance

Arousal

Attitude towards examiner

Attitude towards test

Level of cooperation, effort and attention

Work habits

speech and language

Behaviours (Motivation, anxiety, affective state)

36
Q

Should clinicians help clients by explaining words in questions?

A

Only if the manual allows explanations

37
Q

What are the common errors that Kaufman and Lichtenberger (1999) pointed out in obtaining scaled score?

A

Writing illegibly

Using the wrong age reference table

misreading across rows of the score conversion tables

38
Q

What test may be used when assessing blind child’s non-verbal skills?

A

Hays-biney, perkins-binet or blind learning aptitude test

39
Q

What are some tests of non-verbal intelligence for children and young adults?

A

Naglieri Nonverbal Ability test - individual assessment

40
Q

What patients may be at particular disadvantage on speeded tasks and nonverbal tasks?

A

Patients with motor disabilities

41
Q

What are some possible test battery modifications for individuals with aphasia?

A

Establish that an adequate output channel exists

Document aphasic features with tests such as the BDAE or WAB

Use nonverbal tests

Give directions through pantomime and gesture

42
Q

What are some possible test battery modifications for individuals with motor impairments>

A

Assess overall cognitive ability with verbal and motor-free tasks

Avoid speeded motor tasks

test motor abilities without time constraints

43
Q

A person has had a middle cerebral artery stroke. What deficits are associated with those?

A

Possibility of acquired language deficits

44
Q

What is a measure that is sensitive to aphasic deficits?

A

Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination

45
Q

A test battery usually needs…

A
  • To include various measures of attention to explore the attentional matrix of a patient
  • Measures of executive functions such as reasoning, planning, organisation, set establishment and maintenance, and measures of verbal and visual learning and memory
  • Assessment of language and perhaps academic skills
  • Visual, tactile and motor abilities
  • motivation, effort and emotional function
46
Q

What are the four domains of test selection?

A

Referral question

Appropriateness

Comprehensiveness

Fixed vs flexible battery

PSY325 (11 decks)

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