Week 9 and 10

Question 1

What happened to soliders with gunshot injuries to cerebellum

Answer 1

• Discoordination during visually guided movements
  
  • Synergistic control broke down
  • Delayed initiation of movements
  • Errors in: initial direction, amplitude, force
  • Resulted in irregular jerky

Question 2

Define hypotonia

Answer 2

Low level of muscle ton

Question 3

Cerebellum receives input from what

Answer 3

Proprioceptors

Question 4

Define ataxia

Answer 4

the loss of full control of bodily movements

Question 5

What are the 4 coordination deficits from a damaged cerebellum

Answer 5

• Speech
  
  • Standing balance/ grit
  • Eye movements
  • Visualy guided movements

Question 6

Cerebellum damage results in what 7 deficits

Answer 6

Hypotonia – decrease in muscle tone
- Disruption to visually guided movements
- Irregular eye movements
- Tremor
- Postural instability & gait deficits
- Movement timing deficits
Deficits in movement adaptation & learning

Question 7

What are the cerebellums major anatomic divisions

Answer 7

• Vermis
  
  • Intermediate Hemisphere
  • Lateral Hemisphere
    Flocculonodular lobe

Question 8

What are the 4 cerebellar inputs

Answer 8

• Corticopontine
  
  • Spinal & Trigemminal
  • Visual & Auditory
    Vestibular

Question 9

What are the 3 cerebellar outputs

Answer 9

spinocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum

Question 10

What anatomical divisions are the 3 outputs located

Answer 10

Spinocerebellum (vermis & intermediate hem.)
Cerebrocerebellum (lateral hem.)
Vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodular)

Question 11

What are the 3 outputs responsible for

Answer 11

Vestibulocerebellum - balance and eye movements
Spinocerebellum - Motor execution
Cerebrocerebellum

Question 12

How does visual information reach the cerebellum

Answer 12

• Visual areas of parietal cortex

project to pontine nucle

Question 13

• Visual information from the posterior parietal cortex (dorsal stream)
  is sent to the lateral cerebellum via what tract

Answer 13

Corticopontine tract

Question 14

Lateral cerebellum is important for what

Answer 14

movement planning & feedforward

control of movement.

Question 15

Intermediate cerebellum function

Answer 15

Regulating body movements by allowing for error correction

Question 16

Damage to the lateral cerebellum results in

Answer 16

problems with movement

planning.

Question 17

Damage to the intermediate cerebellum results in

Answer 17

results in problems with

movement execution.

Question 18

Vermis and Flocculonodular Lobe receives input from where

Answer 18

vestibular system, spinal cord, tectal visual and auditory pathways

Question 19

Vermis and Floccoulonodular Lobe is responsible for what

Answer 19

Control of posture and eye movements

Question 20

Define otoliths

- and function

Answer 20

otoliths are small particles, composed of a combination of a gelatinous matrix and calcium carbonate in the viscous fluid of the saccule and utricle
- Provide sense of linear acceleration

Question 21

What are the 2 otoliths and what r they responsible for

Answer 21

• Utricle (Horizontal)

Saccule (Vertical)

Question 22

What are the 3 semicircular canal ducts

Answer 22

Anterior, Posterior, Lateral

Question 23

The vestibular system provides inputs to what

Answer 23

to the vermis & flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum.

Question 24

The semicircular canals of the vestibular system provide what

Answer 24

Sense of angular acceleration

Question 25

Vestibular deficits result in

Answer 25

Impaired balance control

Question 26

Eye-head coordination is regulated by what

Answer 26

Vestibulo ocular reflex