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Motor Control > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 simple local interactions rules

A
  • Don’t get too close to the nearest bird
  • Maintain at least one bird distance
  • If moving, move in the same direction as the next organism
  • Avoid being isolated
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2
Q

Why study movement coordination and control

A
  • Understanding processes of perception, cognition and action in human behaviour
    • Study of CNS and behaviour
    • How do children learn movement skills?
    • How should training programmes be designed in commerce and industry
    • Environmental design for ageing individuals to remain active
    • Organisation of practice conditions by coach?
    • Role of the coach?
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3
Q

What is the traditional cognitive science approach: The computer metaphor

A
  • Process oriented approach
    • Brain, a representational information processing device
    • A sophisticated computer
    • Interprets info, makes decisions
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4
Q

What is the cognitive/ information processing approach?

A
  • Mind (mental processes) drives body (physical machinery)

- Hierarchical control system

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5
Q

What is the basic premise of the cognitive/ information processing approach?

A
  • Motor control is the consequence of mental processes, which, though not directly observable, may be studied by the systematic observation of overt motor behaviour
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6
Q

Limitations of the cognitive/information processing approach?

A
  • Does not explain movement phenomena

- Limited to what can be directly observed

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7
Q

Define information processing

A
  • The neural events associated with the production of movement can be viewed in abstract way an information flow
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8
Q

A major tool in the study of information processing is?

A

Reaction time

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9
Q

Define reaction time

A

A measured used to investigate cognitive or motor processes

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10
Q

Four stages of information processing

A

Stimulus detection - stimulus identification - response selection - response programming

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of reaction times

A

Simple reaction time (SRT)
Choice reaction of time (CRT)
Discrimination (GO - No Go)

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12
Q

Define Simple reaction time (SRT)

A

A single stimulus paired with a single response

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13
Q

Define choice reaction time (CRT)

A

Two or more stimuli, each paired with a separate response

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14
Q

Discrimination (GO - No Go)

A

Two or more stimuli, but a single response is required to just one of the stimuli

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15
Q

Reaction time stage duration estimation equation

A

Response selection time = choice RT - Discrimination RT

Stimulus identification time = Discrimination RT - simple RT

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16
Q

What are the 4 factors that affect stimulus detection

A

Luminance, size, contrast

Amplitude (Loudness)

17
Q

Name and define the factor that effects stimulus identification

A

Discriminability

- The ease with which two or more stimuli may be distinguished

18
Q

3 factors that effect response selection

A
  1. Number and probability of alternatives
    1. Stimulus - response compatibility: higher compatibility = faster RTs
    2. Practice - extended practice decreases RT
19
Q

Factors that effect response programming

A

Response complexity: duration; number movement segments

Behavioural neuroscience

20
Q

Define Behavioural neuroscience

A

The relationship between psychological modelling and neuroscience

21
Q

Define movement coordination

A
  • Bringing parts of body into proper relation with each other or with important objects or environmental surfaces during functional, goal - directed behaviour
22
Q

Key characteristics of complex systems in nature

A
  • Complex, highly interconnected
    • Many system components configurable in different ways
    • Inherent self - organisation processes
    • Emergent pattern formation between system components under constraints
    • Coupling of information and action
      The role of stability and variability in system behaviour
23
Q

What is the degrees of freedom problem

A
  • Biological problem of coordination of many individual elements to allow controlled movement to occur
24
Q

Define degrees of freedom

A

The number of independent axes around which a joint can move

25
Q

Define context - conditioned variability

A
  • The relationship between muscle excitation and movement is variable
26
Q

3 sources of context - conditioned variability

A
  1. anatomical
  2. mechanical
  3. physiological
27
Q

Given that there are multiple, redundant paths through which a limb may move, how does the nervous system ‘know’ which one to take?

A
  • Synergies
    • Coordinative structures
    • Efficiency
    • Equilibrium point
28
Q

4 built in control simplifications

A
  • Organisation of muscle fibres into motor units
    • Motor units into muscles
    • Spring - like properties of muscles
      Linkages between joints
29
Q

Define coordinative structures

A
  • A group of muscles, often spanning several joints, that is constrained to act as a single functional unit

Motor Control (9 decks)

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