Week 9 Flashcards
How many children suffer from mental illness
1 in 5
how many children with mental illness get help
only 20-25%
what is the most prevalent mental disorder seen in kids?
ADHD, followed by anxiety and major depressive disorders
what types of families rae more likely to have children with mental disorders?
- step, blended or one parent families
- families renting
- where one or both carers are unemployed
What are some of the risk factors for childhood mental illness in regards to the child?
Risk factors:
- Difficult temperament
- low self-esteem
- negative thinking style
What are some of the protective factors for childhood mental illness in regards to the child?
- easy temperament
- good social and emotional skills
- optimistic coping style
what are the key areas where risk factors and protective factors play a role in childhood mental illness?
- child themselves
- family
- school
- life events
- social
what are the most common anxious disorders in children?
- phobias
- generalised anxiety disorder
- seperation anxiety
when is anxiety an issue in children?
- when they are more anxious than others
- when it stops them participation
- interferes with ability to do things that others kids can do
what sings an symptoms could you see in a child with depression?
hard to engage and motivate constant low mood may cry and whinge and be difficult to soothe easily irritable outbursts of anger
what are 2 risk factors of adolescent suicide?
history of depression
between ages of 15-24
What is ADHD?
a neuro-development disorder first appearing in childhood.
what is the prevalence of ADHD?
3-5% - boys aged 6-9
what is the aetiology causing ADHD?
genetic factors perinatal, prenatal, postnatal factors environmental factors neurological theories psychological theories
what conditions fall under the autism spectrum?
- autistic disorder
- Asperger’s disorder
- Childhood disintegrative disorders
- rett’s disorder
- pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified
define autism spectrum disorders?
autism spectrum disorders are disorders that influence the way the brain develops and works.
what are the most common autism spectrum disorders
autism
high functioning autism
aspereger’s syndorme
What are some physical signs of autism?
- hand flapping
- walking on tippy toes
- head banging
- consistent fussiness and screaming in public
- pouring drinks back and forth
- excessive aggression and biting
- lack of response to voice or sound
- avoids eye contact
- lack of speech & communication
what are complications in assessing children with mental health illnesses?
- consider chroniological vs developmentl age
- be mindful of parents and what they have been through
- don’t judge
- identify reasons for behaviour rather than behaviour itself
- someone with autism may not react well to change or strangers
should you stop repetitive behaviours in a child patient with mental health illnesses>
Avoid stopping behaviours, unless of risk of injury
define an eating disorder according to dsm5
characterised by a persistent distrubance of eating or eting related behaviour that results in:
- altered consumption or absorption of food that significantly impairs physical health or psychological functioning
what are some examples of eating disorders?
anorexia nervosa,
bulimic nervosa,
binge-eating and
Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)
what is the prevalence of eating disorders in australia?
affects 9% of population
What are the 9 truths about eating disorders?
C. Eating disorders are not choices but serious biologically influence illnesses
H. AN eating disorder diagnosis is a health crisis that disrupts personal and family functioning
A. Eating disorders affect people of all genders, ages, races, ethnicities, body shapes and weights, sexual orientations and socioeconomic statuses
F. Families are not to blame and can be the patients best allies in treatment
E. Genes and environment plat important roles in the development of eating disorders
R. Full recover from an eating disorder is possible. Early detection and intervention are important.
I. Eating disorders carry and increased risk for both suicide and medical complications
G. Gebnes alone fo not predict who will develop eating disorders
M. majority of people with eating disorders look healthy, but may be extremely ill
what is the DSM5 criterial fro anorexia nervosa?
restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight.
intense fear of gaining weights
persistent behaviour that interferes with weight gain
lack of recognition of condition
What is the prevalence of anorexia nervosa?
10:1 femaile to male ratio
What causes on the onset of anorexia nervosa?
often associated with with a stressful/traumatic event, perfectionism, OCD, anxiety, genetics and socio-cultural pressures to be thin.
What are diagnostic markers for anorexia nervosa?
- Endocrine - looking at T4 levels in thyroid
- Bone mass - low bone mineral density
- Electroencephalography - fluid and electrlyte imbalance
- Resting energy expenditure
- Haematology - mild anaemia
- Serum chemistry - dehydration
- Electrocardiography - bradycradia
What are the physical signs of anorexia nervosa?
- rapid weight loss
- loss of disturbance in menstration
- feeling cold
- fainting/dizziness
- feeling bloated/constipated
- feeling tired and not sleeping well
- Lethargy and low energy
- facial changes
- fine hair appearing on face and body
What are the psychological signs of anorexia nervosa?
- preoccupation with eating, food, shape and weight
- feeling anxious and irratible around meal times
- fear of gaining weight
- unable to maintainnormal body weight for their age
- depression and anxiety
- increased difficulty concentrating
- distorded body image
- low self esteem
What are the behavioural signs of anorexia nervosa?
- dieting
- deliberate misuse of laxitive and appetite suppressants
- wearing baggy clothing
- secrecy around eating
compulsive/exessive exercising - radical changes in food preferences
- self-harm
what are consequences of anorexia nervosa?
- vomiting
- light headeness
- electrlyte imbalance
- brain damage
- anaemia
- compromised immune system
- intestinal problems
- loss of menstration
- risk of infertility
- bad breath
- lanugo
- dry/yellow skin
- brittle hair and nails
- kidney failure
- osteoperosis
- heart problems
What is the criteria for bulimia nervosa according to DSM5
Recurrent episodes of binge eating:
– Eating, in a discrete period of time
– An amount of food that is definitely larger than what most
individuals would eat
– A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode
What are the physical signs of bulimia?
§ Frequent changes in weight (loss or gains)
§ Signs of damage due to vomiting including swelling
around the cheeks or jaw, calluses on knuckles, damage
to teeth and bad breath
§ Feeling bloated, constipated or developing intolerances
to food
§ Loss of or disturbance of menstrual periods in girls and
women
§ Fainting or dizziness
§ Feeling tired and not sleeping well
What are the psychological signs of bulimia nervosa?
Preoccupation with eating, food, body shape and weight
§ Sensitivity to comments relating to food, weight, body
shape or exercise
§ Low self esteem and feelings of shame, self loathing or
guilt, particularly after eating
§ Having a distorted body image
§ Obsession with food and need for control
§ Depression, anxiety or irritability
§ Extreme body dissatisfaction
What are the behavioural signs of bulimia nervosa?
Evidence of binge eating
§ Vomiting or using laxatives, enemas, appetite
suppressants or diuretics
§ Eating in private and avoiding meals with other people
§ Anti-social behaviour, spending more and more time
alone
§ Repetitive or obsessive behaviours relating to body
shape and weight
§ Secretive behaviour around food
§ Compulsive or excessive exercising
- DIETING
- FREQUENT TRIPS TO BATHROOM
- SELF HARM/SUICIDE
What are consequences of bulimua?
Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux
– Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from
frequent vomiting
– Stomach and intestinal ulcers, pancreatitis
– Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or
diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxative
– Osteoporosis–
– Loss of or disturbance of menstrual periods in girls and
women
– Increased risk of infertility in men and women
– Irregular or slow heart beat which can lead to an increased
risk of heart failure
– Destroyed enamel and jagged edges on teeth
what is russels sign?
marks on hand from induced vomitting
what are cli nical indicators for bulimia?
Russell's sign brusing on knees bloating chipmunk cheeks cutting
What is binge eating disorder characterised by?
Eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is
definitely larger than what most people would eat in a similar period
of time under similar circumstances
– A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode
What are the physical signs of binge eating?
Feeling tired and not sleeping well
§ Feeling bloated, constipated or developing intolerances
to food
§ Preoccupation with eating, food, body shape and weight
§ Extreme body dissatisfaction and shame about their
appearance
§ Feelings of extreme distress, sadness, anxiety and guilt
during and after a binge episode
§ Low self-esteem
§ Increased sensitivity to comments relating to food,
weight, body shape, exercise
§ Depression, anxiety or irritability
what are the behavioural signs of binge eating?
Evidence of binge eating (e.g. disappearance or hoarding
of food)
§ Secretive behaviour relating to food (e.g. hiding food and
food wrappers around the house)
§ Evading questions about eating and weight
§ Increased isolation and withdrawal from activities
previously enjoyed
§ Erratic behaviour (e.g. shoplifting food or spending large
amounts of money on food)
§ Self harm, substance abuse or suicide attempts
What is body dysmorphia disorders?
a pschiatric disorder characterised by sever preoccupation with an imagine of slight deficit in one’s appearance.
