Week 10 Flashcards
Define a personality disorder?
A personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture.
it is pervasive and inflexible
what are personality disorders characterised as?
Pervasive, inflexible, and stable patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving and interacting with others.
when do personality disorders develop in regards to someone’s age?
develops in childhood
what personality disorders are more common in men?
antisocial personality disorder
what personality disorders are more common in females?
borderline personality disorder
What are the main categories of personality disorders according to DSM-5?
- paranoid personality disorder
- schizoid personality disorder
- schizotypal personality disorder
- antisocial personality disorder
- narcissistic personality disorder
- borderline personality disorder
- histrionic personality disorder
- avoidant personality disorder
- dependent personality disorder
- OCD
- personality change due to medical condition (frontal lobe lesion)
- unspecified personality disorder (bits from a few)
What is paranoid personality disorder?
a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness, such that others motives are interpreted as malevolent
What is schizoid personality disorder?
pattern of detachment from social relationship and a restricted range of emotional expression
What is schizotypal personality disorder?
pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behaviour
What is antisocial personality disorder?
pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
- occuring since 15 years old
What is narcissistic personality disorder?
pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy
what is borderline personality disorder?
pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, and affects, and marked impulsivity
What is histrionic personality disorder?
pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
What is avoidant personality disorder?
pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
What is dependent personality disorder?
pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour related to an excessive need to be taken care of
What is OCD?
pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control
What are the DSM5 criteria for diagnosing Antisocial PD?
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by three (or more) of the following:
- failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviours
- deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, and conning
- impulsivity and failure to plan
- irritability and agressivness
- reckless disregard for safety
- consistently irritable
PLUS
- over 18
- evidence of conduct onset before 15 yr/o
- not during other conditions
What are the DSM5 criteria for diagnosing borderline PD?
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of
the following:
- efforts to avoid real or imagined abandoment
- unstable and intense interpersonal relationships
- unstable self image
- impulsivity in at least 2 self damaging areas
- suicidal or self-harming behaviour
- episodic dysphoria, irritability or anxiety
- feelings of emptiness
- intense anger
what are some causes of borderline personality disorder?
- could be heriditery
- related to chemical imbalance in brain
- childhood abuse and neglect/seperation
- women more likely to develop
What are the DSM5 criteria for diagnosing Dependent PD?
A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the
following:
- difficulty making decisions
- needs others to assume responsibility for most areas of their life
- difficulty expressing disagreement
- difficulty initiating projects
- feels hopeless
- urgently seeks relationships
- unrealistic preoccupation with fears of being alone
What are the DSM5 criteria for diagnosing Histrionic PD?
A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more)
of the following:
- uncomfortable when not centre of attention
- interaction with others characterised by inappropriate behaviour
- rapidly shifting and shallow displays of emotion
- used physical appearance to draw attention to self
- exaggerated expressions of emotion
- highly suggestible
What are the DSM5 criteria for diagnosing Narcissistic PD?
pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behaviour),
need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by
early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as
indicated by five (or more) of the following:
- grandiose sense of self-importance
- fantasies of unlimtied success, power and brilliance
- believes they are special
- required excessive admiration
- sense of entitlement
- interpersonally exploitative
- Lacks empathy
- often envious of others
- arrogrant
What are the 3 clusters of personality disorders?
- Cluster A (odd, bizarre, eccentric)
- Cluster B (Dramatic, erratic)
- Cluster C (anxious, fearful)
What disorders fall under cluster A PD’s?
Cluster A - odd, bizarre, eccentric
- paranoid
- schizoid
- schizotyopal
What disorders fall under cluster B PD’s?
Cluster B - dramatic, erratic
- antisocial
- borderline
- histrionic
- narcissitic
What disorders fall under cluster C PD’s?
Cluster C - anxious, fearful
- avoidant
- dependent
- obsessive-compulsive
what treatment is used for borderline PD?
cognitive behavioural therapies such as dialectical behaviour therapy.
targets mood instability and impulsivity
how many people with borderline PD have suicidal behaviours?
80%
about 4-9% complete suicide
What is the most common form of self-harm?
Skin cutting - 80%
What are the precursor streams to self harm?
Hyperstress -> feeling overwhelmed -> trigger ->self harm
= feeling relieved and in control
Dissociation -> feeling numb and alone -> self injury
= Feeling alive and able to function
why do people self harm?
self harm is often associated with a history of trauma
other reasons:
- release tension
- distraction from emotional pain
- snap our of dissociateion
- stop a panic attack
- self hatred
