Week 9 Flashcards
1909: First labour strike. Women led. Protest for better pay and working conditions.
Apparel Industry
Apparel industry is the largest employer in the world
Apparel Industry
Incredible income disparity (ex. Lebron James)
Apparel Industry
Largely female workforce (Protests have been women-led)
Apparel Industry
A system in which we have the organization and regulation of resources, production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.
Economy
System is organized based on supply and demand.
Market Economy
No controls. Prices aren’t artificially lowered or raised by a controlling agency (ie. Government). Regulated by consumer demand (capitalism).
Free/Open Market:
Also ‘command economy’. Planning and commanding of economy is done by government (socialism/communism).
Planned Economy
Segments of the economy are market-based, some are planned (ex. Canada).
Mixed Economy
Natural resources
Ex. Nepal
Post-Industrial Economy:
Primary Sector
Manufacturing
Industry
Post-Industrial Economy:
Secondary Sector
Service industries
Ex. USA
Post-Industrial Economy:
Tertiary Sector
Global division of labour
Supply chains are multinational
Global economy
Progress is beneficial to society.
Modernization Theory of Economic Development
Progress moves in only one direction
Modernization Theory of Economic Development
Modernization = progress
Modernization Theory of Economic Development
Loss of distinction
Modernization Theory of Economic Development
Pre-Modernization: traditional society. Resource-based economy. Limited trade. Face-to-face business. Familiarity, family relationships. No scientific knowledge of the world. (stage 1)
Modernization Theory of Economic Development:
Stages
Preconditions to Take-Off: Regional trade networks. Economy gets larger. Society develops. (stage 2)
Modernization Theory of Economic Development:
Stages
Take-Off: Period of rapid industrialization/mechanization.(stage 3)
Modernization Theory of Economic Development
:Stages
Drive to Maturity (stage 4)
Modernization Theory of Economic Development:
Stages
High Mass Consumption: Only possible in a capitalist system/free market. Most consumer choice. Mass production. (stage 5)
Modernization Theory of Economic Development:
Stages
Responsibility of 1st world countries to aid third world countries
Modernization Theory of Economic Development:
Role of Rich Nations
Control population growth (less children)
Modernization Theory of Economic Development:
Role of Rich Nations
Increase food production
Modernization Theory of Economic Development:
Role of Rich Nations
Introduce high technology
Modernization Theory of Economic Development:
Role of Rich Nations
Provide financial assistance
Modernization Theory of Economic Development:
Role of Rich Nations
Unequal relation between first and third world nations
Dependency Theory
Born out of resistance to modernization theory
Dependency Theory
Established in the 60s and 70s
Dependency Theory
If poverty is structural, the economy is keeping these countries poor and first world countries rich (capitalism)
Dependency Theory:
Why 1st world countries aren’t improving
Third world countries are dependent and have no agency
Dependency Theory:
Why 1st world countries aren’t improving
Neocolonialism: Colonizers are now transnational corporations
Dependency Theory:
Why 1st world countries aren’t improving
Periphery Countries: Poor countries are in charge, they are the consumers.
Capitalist World System, Wallerstein
Semi-Periphery Countries
Capitalist World System, Wallerstein
Core Countries: Most developed
Capitalist World System, Wallerstein
1 employer in developing countries
Globalization and the Textile and Garment Industries
Provides acceptable job and financial independence for women
Globalization and the Textile and Garment Industries
Affordability of fashion made this possible
Globalization and the Textile and Garment Industries
Each step in manufacturing process increases the value
Buyer-Driven Value Chain
Buyers are setting the prices
Buyer-Driven Value Chain
Consumers are creating a demand for cheaper and cheaper apparel
Buyer-Driven Value Chain
Consumers and retailers are located where apparel is not manufactured
Buyer-Driven Value Chain
Manufacturers focus of brand (Brand perception vs. product)
Manufacturers without Factories
No legal obligations to their workers or the environment
Manufacturers without Factories
Clothing production: A race to the bottom?
Will this happen in other industries (seeking out cheapest resources and labour for maximal profit)?
Manufacturers without Factories
