Week 6

Question 1

Public reception of deviance accepts fashion as a form of fantasy we will never experience in real life

Answer 1

Deviance

Question 2

Vicarious enjoyment/attraction to the dark side exists in popular culture and in contemporary society

Answer 2

Deviance

Question 3

one who performs deviancy

Answer 3

Deviant

Question 4

Something is deviant when it causes harm/ Harmfulness of one’s actions or beliefs. However, there are many deviant acts that are non harmful (eg public nudity)

Answer 4

Measures of deviancy

Question 5

‘Statistical Rarity’; things are considered deviant if rare. It is unusual for people to break rules, thus disobedience = deviance. Such people are considered asocial, criminals, etc

Answer 5

Measures of deviancy

Question 6

Violation of Norms: someone who goes against moraes and social customs. Moraes= proper behaviour. Deviance is a violation of norms

Answer 6

Measures of deviancy

Question 7

Some subcultures’ defining characteristics include alternative codes of norms

Answer 7

Measures of deviancy

Question 8

There is no universal characteristic of deviancy

Answer 8

Measures of deviancy

Question 9

was biological; people are born criminal. Aggression, sexual deviancy, perversion

Answer 9

First theories of deviance

Question 10

Some of the first systems of identifying criminals was based on their physical appearance.

Answer 10

First theories of deviance

Question 11

9 physical characteristics that can be considered ‘criminal traits’ are apelike.

Answer 11

First theories of deviance: Cesare Lombroso

Question 12

ties crime to low intelligence. People who are more beautiful are less likely to be profiled as criminal.

Answer 12

First theories of deviance: Cesare Lombroso

Question 13

Deviance has some social function that is beneficial

Answer 13

Theories of deviance: functionalism

Question 14

Stable societies still have criminals

Answer 14

Theories of deviance: functionalism

Question 15

Accentuates what is right/moral

Answer 15

Theories of deviance: functionalism

Question 16

When we define deviance through laws, we draw moral boundaries

Answer 16

Theories of deviance: functionalism

Question 17

Moral outrage against deviancy offers an opportunity for social unity

Answer 17

Theories of deviance: functionalism

Question 18

Deviance forces a society to progress and reform structure

Answer 18

Theories of deviance: functionalism

Question 19

Deviance is universal

Answer 19

Theories of deviance: Symbolic Interactionism

Question 20

Deviance is contingent on who you are, where you are, etc

Answer 20

Theories of deviance: Symbolic Interactionism

Question 21

Emerges out of social interaction. It is the individual’s’ actions more so than the society’s reaction

Answer 21

Theories of deviance: Symbolic Interactionism

Question 22

Laws are made by the state and are made in interest of the ruling class

Answer 22

Theories of deviance: Conflict Theory

Question 23

White collar crime goes unpunished

Answer 23

Theories of deviance: Conflict Theory

Question 24

Society adjusts to its most unattainable goals

Answer 24

Strain Theory (Robert K Merton 1938)

Question 25

American dream, material sense of success, making it financially

Answer 25

Strain Theory (Robert K Merton 1938)

Question 26

If you can not attain the American Dream, strain theory suggests there are four responses:
Innovation 
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion

Answer 26

Strain Theory (Robert K Merton 1938)

Question 27

Innovation (not a good characteristic, individual who does not use the conventional means to attain success/they cheat. They accept social goals but do not mean them in the conventional way)

Answer 27

Strain Theory (Robert K Merton 1938)

Question 28

Ritualism (individual who goes through the motions, conforms to socially accepted behaviour but reject the goal)

Answer 28

Strain Theory (Robert K Merton 1938)

Question 29

Retreatism (Individual who rejects both the means to the goal and the social goals)

Answer 29

Strain Theory (Robert K Merton 1938)

Question 30

Rebellion (rejects proper ideas and reject the goals but make new goals/expectations. Counterculture, subcultures who propose alternative forms of success)

Answer 30

Strain Theory (Robert K Merton 1938)

Question 31

Deviance is a learned behaviour

Answer 31

Learning Theory

Question 32

Deviance is the result of individuals who conform to a social group who have the ‘wrong’ values

Answer 32

Learning Theory

Question 33

How the extent to which your behavior is deviant = the level of exposure to learned deviance.

Answer 33

Differential Association Theory, Edwin H Sutherland 1947

Learning Theory

Question 34

Closer association and more time you spend with the deviant influence determines level of individual’s deviance. Ex learning to disobey authority from TV vs from your sibling

Answer 34

Differential Association Theory, Edwin H Sutherland 1947 (Learning Theory)

Question 35

Dominant approach to deviance today

Answer 35

Labeling Theory

Question 36

Deviance is not somebody’s actions or behaviour, but rather a stigmatizing label that society applies to anything it decides is unacceptable

Answer 36

Labeling Theory

Question 37

Temporary label and has no long-term impact on how others or yourself view you

Answer 37

Labeling Theory: Primary deviance

Question 38

Ex drunk at a party, embarrassed for a few weeks until someone else does something embarrassing and attention is taken off you. You did not acquire permanent label

Answer 38

Labeling Theory: Primary deviance

Question 39

Acquire a long-lasting, deviant label

Ex you’re drunk at every party. Label = drunk, master status= drunk

Answer 39

Labeling Theory: Secondary deviance

Question 40

When society latches onto a label, such as terrorist, and uses it as a way to control irrational fear

Answer 40

Labeling Theory: Moral panic

Question 41

Ex after Columbine School Shooting, black trench coats and overcoats were banned in American high schools as a means to prevent deviancy

Answer 41

Labeling Theory: Moral panic

Question 42

Everyone is deviant. Question to ask is not why some people are deviant, but how society manages and regulates deviancy

Answer 42

Control Theory

Question 43

there are four mechanisms of social control to regulate social deviancy

Answer 43

Travis Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory 1969 (Control Theory)

Question 44

Attachment (what is the degree of connection between individual and society. Stronger the relationships among school, work, family = less potential for deviance)

Answer 44

Travis Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory 1969 (Control Theory)

Question 45

Commitment (what kind of opportunities does the individual have? If the individual sees a future in the society, they don’t turn to deviance.)

Answer 45

Travis Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory 1969 (Control Theory)

Question 46

Involvement (A person who is busy will not be deviant)

Answer 46

Travis Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory 1969 (Control Theory)

Question 47

Beliefs (we learn values, we internalize them, and they become part of our world view)

Answer 47

Travis Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory 1969 (Control Theory)

Question 48

Deviance is the result of people belonging to a subculture

subculture= intentionally different from the mainstream.

Answer 48

Subcultural theory (Phil Cohen, 1972)

Question 49

Examines delinquent subcultures

Answer 49

Subcultural theory (Phil Cohen, 1972)

Question 50

Subcultures develop their own language: own slang, insider terms

Answer 50

Subcultural theory (Phil Cohen, 1972)

Question 51

Spectacular= visibly different

Answer 51

Subcultural theory (Phil Cohen, 1972)

Question 52

Develop vocabularies of motive= have a narrative that justifies their different. A story/explanation for being different.

Answer 52

Subcultural theory (Phil Cohen, 1972)

Question 53

Beliefs and norms are different from mainstream society (alternative value system)

Answer 53

Subcultural theory (Phil Cohen, 1972)

Question 54

Stigma, stigma allure = the thing that gave you the stigma might eventually be reincorporated into society

Answer 54

Crimes of Fashion

Question 55

Harmful ingredients, unhealthy influence on body image

Answer 55

Fashion Victim

Question 56

Access/going over the top

Answer 56

Fashion Victim

Question 57

Unaware they’ve gone too far

Answer 57

Fashion Victim

Question 58

There is social consensus they’ve gone too far

Answer 58

Fashion Victim

Question 59

Using dress as a form of refusal

Answer 59

Revolting Style

Question 60

Trying to expand what is acceptable

Answer 60

Style in revolt