Week 9 Flashcards
What are key reasons for short-lived change?
Lack of long-term support (e.g. training, resources)
Overemphasis on tech vs. people
Leadership turnover
Weak senior leadership support (Holweg et al., 2018: only 44% of lean projects sustained after 2 years)
Poor stakeholder engagement
Cultural misalignment
Define sustainability in change management.
A stable transformation maintained over time that enables continuous improvement in organisational functioning.
hat does NHS Modernisation Agency say about sustainable change?
It becomes the norm, changes thinking/attitudes, and transforms supporting systems.
What are the five levels of sustainability?
Unit-level improvements
Technology-based replication (similar processes)
Technology-based replication (different processes)
Knowledge-based application in new areas
Organisation-wide improvements (value stream)
Define stickability.
The extent to which change gains are maintained and built on in one part of an organisation.
Define spreadability.
The extent to which those gains (methods and processes) are applied in other areas.
What is the “early victory” problem (Kotter, 2005)?
Declaring success too early can halt momentum and prevent long-term sustainability.
What is the “spring effect” in change management?
Pushing change without reducing restraining forces leads to short-lived outcomes that bounce back.
What are major barriers to sustainability (Brown, 2009 – KPMG survey)?
Poor change approach
Incompatible leadership style
Lack of clarity for employees
Context insensitivity
What helps promote sustainability (Bateman, 2005)?
Early buy-in and momentum
Later focus on standards and continuous improvement
What leadership issues affect sustainability and how can they be addressed?
Job turnover: career paths, succession plans
New leaders’ egos: continuity mechanisms
Diffused accountability: clear responsibilities and rewards
Early victory: reinterpret as motivation
Initiative fatigue: maintain energy and drive
What is containment in change?
When a change remains isolated in one unit and does not spread throughout the organisation.
Example of containment?
Nestlé Nespresso’s AAA Program succeeded in some regions but struggled in others.
What are the three categories of spreadability factors?
Attributes of the change: clear benefit, simplicity, adaptability, good story
Organisation’s climate: support, skills, incentives
User values and needs: cultural and values compatibility
What is implementation climate (Klein & Sorra, 1996)?
Employees’ shared perception of how much innovation is expected, supported, and rewarded.
Difference between leader and leadership development?
Leader development: focuses on individual skills, self-awareness, regulation
Leadership development: focuses on group capacity, relationships, social capital
What are core elements of leader development?
Self-awareness (introspective + extrospective)
Self-discipline
Growth mindset (DuBrin)
Education
Experience
Mentoring
Leadership programmes
What is a composite mentor?
A set of different people from whom one draws inspiration and feedback for growth.
What is a mindset?
A belief system that shapes how individuals interpret experiences and react (Crum, Salovey & Achor, 2013).
What are the four leadership mindsets?
Growth: effort and learning from failure (e.g. Ola Källenius)
Fixed: prefers tradition, resists change (e.g. Thierry Breton)
Learning-oriented: curious, safe experimentation (e.g. Ed Catmull – Pixar)
Performance-oriented: results-driven, prioritizes efficiency (e.g. Sergio Marchionne – Fiat)
