Week 9

Question 1

what is the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

the nasal cavity is a large air filled space located within the nose: it extends from the external nares to the nasopharynx. the function is that the air goes through filtration and warming.

Question 2

what is the pharynx?

Answer 2

the pharynx is also known as throat. it is located behind the the nasal cavity. it is divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.

Question 3

what is the larynx?

Answer 3

the larynx is located below the pharynx and above the trachea. it is at the c3 to c6 level.

Question 4

what is the trachea?

Answer 4

located in the neck and chest. aka windpipe.

Question 5

what is the left main bronchus?

Answer 5

located within the chest cavity branching off of the trachea at t5 level. it enters the left lung and divides into smaller bronchi.

Question 6

what is the right main bronchus?

Answer 6

located within the chest cavity and extends from the trachea at t5 level enters right lung and divides into smaller bronchi.

Question 7

what is the secondary and tertiary segmental bronchus?

Answer 7

located within the lungs branches off of the main bronchi. and the tertiary branches off of the secondary.

Question 8

what is the terminal brochioles?

Answer 8

located at the end of the bronchial tree beyond the tertiary segmental bronchi

Question 9

respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 9

located in the respiratory zone of the lungs after the terminal bronchioles

Question 10

right lung: number of lobes?

Answer 10

located within the thoracic cavity on the right side of the mediastinum and is divided into 3 lobes: superior middle and inferior lobes and is higher than the left lung.

Question 11

left lung: number of lobes?

Answer 11

located within the thoracic cavity on the left side of the mediastinum and is slightly smaller than the right lung and divides into 2 lobes the superior and inferior lobe.

Question 12

what are the bones lining the roof and floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 12

ethmoid, frontal, palatine, and maxilla

Question 13

define the paranasal sinuses and explain the main functions?

Answer 13

group of air filled cavities located within the bones of the skull. there are 4 surrounding the nasal cavity: frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal paranasal sinuses and they lighten the weight of the skull and warm the air.

Question 14

describe the length of the pharynx?

Answer 14

12-14 cm in adults

Question 15

what are the location and function of the tonsils?

Answer 15

located in the oropharynx and nasopharynx: they protect against infection and produce antibodies

Question 16

glottis vs epiglottis?

Answer 16

they are both located in the larynx. the glottis regulates air flow and epiglottis covers over the glottis and prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Question 17

true vs false vocal cords?

Answer 17

true vocal cords are essential for voice production and false vocal cords play a role in protecting the true vocal cords.

Question 18

how long is the trachea and whats its main function?

Answer 18

its 10-12 cm and the main function is to provide a clear and unobstructed passage for air to move to the lungs.

Question 19

apex and base in lungs?

Answer 19

apex is the uppermost portion of the lung and the base of the lung is the lowermost portion of the lung

Question 20

what is hilium?

Answer 20

specific region where blood vessels, nerves, and ducts enter or exit an organ.

Question 21

what are the components that enter and leave the lung via hilium?

Answer 21

main bronchus, pulmonary arteries, and pulmonary veins.

Question 22

what are the names of the 3 divisions in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 22

pleural cavity, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity

Question 23

what are the organs contained in each of the divisions of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 23

pleural cavity: surrounds lungs
mediastinum: heart, trachea, esophagus
pericardial cavity: heart

Question 24

where is the alveolar duct?

Answer 24

located beyond the respiratory bronchioles

Question 25

where is the alveolar sac?

Answer 25

located beyond the alveolar ducts

Question 26

where is the alveolus?

Answer 26

located at the distal ends of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

Question 27

fetal circulation: foramen ovale?

Answer 27

opening in the septum between the right and left atria of the heart. it allows for oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and circulate directly from right to left atrium and to the rest of the body.

Question 28

fetal circulation: ductus arteriosus?

Answer 28

blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta to bypass the lungs.

Question 29

fetal circulation: ductus venosus?

Answer 29

blood vessel that allows oxygen rich blood from the placenta to bypass the liver and flow directly into the inferior vena cava.

Question 30

fetal circulation: umbilical arteries?

Answer 30

carries deoxygenated blood and waste products from the fetus to the placenta. located in the umbilical cord.

Question 31

fetal circulation: umbilical vein?

Answer 31

carries oxygen rich nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.

Question 32

fetal circulation: umbilical cord?

Answer 32

serves as the lifeline between placenta and the fetus allowing for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products.

Question 33

what is the placenta?

Answer 33

connects to the fetus via umbilical cord facilitating nutrient and waste exchange.