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Anatomy and Physiology I Lab > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an organ?

A

An organ is a structure in the body composed of two or more tissue types working together to perform a specific function.

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2
Q

What is an organ system?

A

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function in the body.

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3
Q

What is an organism?

A

An organism is the highest level of organization in the body. An organism can independently perform all functions necessary for life.

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4
Q

How many organ systems are there in the body and what are they?

A

Integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system.

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5
Q

Where do anatomical terms derive from?

A

Ancient Greek and Latin words.

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6
Q

What does prone mean?

A

Prone describes a face down orientation.

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7
Q

What does supine mean?

A

Supine describes a face up orientation.

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8
Q

What is cephalic?

A

head

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9
Q

What is cervical?

A

neck

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10
Q

What is included in the trunk?

A

thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic

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11
Q

What is thoracic?

A

chest

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12
Q

What is abdominal?

A

abdomen

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13
Q

What is pelvic?

A

pelvis

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14
Q

What is brachium/brachial?

A

arm

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15
Q

What is antebrachial/antebrachium?

A

forearm

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16
Q

What is femoral/femur?

A

thigh

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17
Q

What is crural/crus?

A

leg

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18
Q

What is axillary/axilla?

A

armpit

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19
Q

What is inguinal?

A

groin

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20
Q

What is anterior? and another name?

A

anterior or ventral describes the front or direction towards the front of the body.

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21
Q

What is posterior? and another name?

A

posterior or dorsal describes the back or direction towards the back of the body.

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22
Q

What is superior? and another name?

A

superior or cranial describes a position above or higher than another part of the body.

23
Q

What is inferior? and another name?

A

inferior or caudal describes a position below or lower than another part of the body.

24
Q

What is lateral?

A

describes the side or direction towards the side of the body.

25
Q

What is medial?

A

describes the middle or direction towards the middle of the body.

26
Q

What is intermediate?

A

describes a position between a medial and lateral structure.

27
Q

What is proximal?

A

describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment of the body. “The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium”

28
Q

What is distal?

A

describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment of the body. “The crus is distal to the femur”

29
Q

What is central?

A

central describes a position towards the middle of a structure.

30
Q

What is peripheral?

A

describes a position towards the outer edge of a structure. The peripheral nervous system is found outside the skull and vertebral column.

31
Q

What is superficial?

A

describes a position closer to the surface of the body.

32
Q

What is deep?

A

describes a position farther from the surface of the body.

33
Q

What is a plane?

A

a plane is an imaginary two dimensional line that passes through the body.

34
Q

What is a sagittal plane and what are the different kinds?

A

A sagittal plane is a plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides.
Midsagittal plane/medial plane: directly down the middle of the body.
Parasagittal plane: if it divides the body into unequal right and left sides.

35
Q

What is a frontal plane? and another plane.

A

a plane that divides the body or organ into an anterior and posterior portion.
- coronal plane

36
Q

What is a transverse plane?

A

plane that divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions.

37
Q

What are the two largest body compartments?

A

dorsal/posterior cavity and ventral/anterior cavity.

38
Q

What is included in the dorsal/posterior cavity?

A
  • cranial cavity: brain
  • spinal cavity: spinal cord
39
Q

What is included in the anterior/ventral cavity?

A
  • thoracic cavity: lungs and heart in mediastinum enclosed by rib cage.
  • abdominopelvic cavity:
    the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity is separated by the diaphragm.
40
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into either?

A

nine regions or four quadrants.

41
Q

What are the nine regions?

A
  • right hypochondriac region
  • epigastric region
  • left hypochondriac region
  • right lumbar region
  • umbilical region
  • left lumbar region
  • right iliac region
  • hypogastric region
  • left iliac region
42
Q

What does the right hypochondriac region contain?

A

gall bladder, part of liver, and right kidney

43
Q

What does the epigastric region contain?

A

part of the liver and part of the stomach

44
Q

What does the left hypochondriac region contain?

A

part of the spleen, part of the stomach, and left kidney

45
Q

What does the right lumbar region contain?

A

most of the ascending colon

46
Q

What does the umbilical region contain?

A

transverse colon, part of small intestine

47
Q

What does the left lumbar region contain?

A

most of the descending colon

48
Q

What does the right iliac region contain?

A

appendix and cecum

49
Q

What does the hypogastric region contain?

A

lower small intestine, distal sigmoid colon, anus, urinary bladder, prostate, uterus, ovaries.

50
Q

What does the left iliac region contain?

A

proximal sigmoid colon

51
Q

Parietal vs visceral layer?

A

the parietal layer of the membrane lines the walls of the body cavity and the visceral layer of the membrane covers the organs. Between the parietal and visceral layer is a thin fluid filled cavity.

52
Q

What is the pleura?

A

serous membrane that surrounds the lungs in the pleural cavity.

53
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

the serous membrane that surrounds the heart in the pericardial cavity.

54
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

serous membrane that surrounds several organs in the abdominopelvic cavity.

Anatomy and Physiology I Lab (8 decks)

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