Week 1 Flashcards
What is an organ?
An organ is a structure in the body composed of two or more tissue types working together to perform a specific function.
What is an organ system?
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function in the body.
What is an organism?
An organism is the highest level of organization in the body. An organism can independently perform all functions necessary for life.
How many organ systems are there in the body and what are they?
Integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system.
Where do anatomical terms derive from?
Ancient Greek and Latin words.
What does prone mean?
Prone describes a face down orientation.
What does supine mean?
Supine describes a face up orientation.
What is cephalic?
head
What is cervical?
neck
What is included in the trunk?
thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic
What is thoracic?
chest
What is abdominal?
abdomen
What is pelvic?
pelvis
What is brachium/brachial?
arm
What is antebrachial/antebrachium?
forearm
What is femoral/femur?
thigh
What is crural/crus?
leg
What is axillary/axilla?
armpit
What is inguinal?
groin
What is anterior? and another name?
anterior or ventral describes the front or direction towards the front of the body.
What is posterior? and another name?
posterior or dorsal describes the back or direction towards the back of the body.
What is superior? and another name?
superior or cranial describes a position above or higher than another part of the body.
What is inferior? and another name?
inferior or caudal describes a position below or lower than another part of the body.
What is lateral?
describes the side or direction towards the side of the body.
What is medial?
describes the middle or direction towards the middle of the body.
What is intermediate?
describes a position between a medial and lateral structure.
What is proximal?
describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment of the body. “The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium”
What is distal?
describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment of the body. “The crus is distal to the femur”
What is central?
central describes a position towards the middle of a structure.
What is peripheral?
describes a position towards the outer edge of a structure. The peripheral nervous system is found outside the skull and vertebral column.
What is superficial?
describes a position closer to the surface of the body.
What is deep?
describes a position farther from the surface of the body.
What is a plane?
a plane is an imaginary two dimensional line that passes through the body.
What is a sagittal plane and what are the different kinds?
A sagittal plane is a plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides.
Midsagittal plane/medial plane: directly down the middle of the body.
Parasagittal plane: if it divides the body into unequal right and left sides.
What is a frontal plane? and another plane.
a plane that divides the body or organ into an anterior and posterior portion.
- coronal plane
What is a transverse plane?
plane that divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions.
What are the two largest body compartments?
dorsal/posterior cavity and ventral/anterior cavity.
What is included in the dorsal/posterior cavity?
- cranial cavity: brain
- spinal cavity: spinal cord
What is included in the anterior/ventral cavity?
- thoracic cavity: lungs and heart in mediastinum enclosed by rib cage.
- abdominopelvic cavity:
the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity is separated by the diaphragm.
The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into either?
nine regions or four quadrants.
What are the nine regions?
- right hypochondriac region
- epigastric region
- left hypochondriac region
- right lumbar region
- umbilical region
- left lumbar region
- right iliac region
- hypogastric region
- left iliac region
What does the right hypochondriac region contain?
gall bladder, part of liver, and right kidney
What does the epigastric region contain?
part of the liver and part of the stomach
What does the left hypochondriac region contain?
part of the spleen, part of the stomach, and left kidney
What does the right lumbar region contain?
most of the ascending colon
What does the umbilical region contain?
transverse colon, part of small intestine
What does the left lumbar region contain?
most of the descending colon
What does the right iliac region contain?
appendix and cecum
What does the hypogastric region contain?
lower small intestine, distal sigmoid colon, anus, urinary bladder, prostate, uterus, ovaries.
What does the left iliac region contain?
proximal sigmoid colon
Parietal vs visceral layer?
the parietal layer of the membrane lines the walls of the body cavity and the visceral layer of the membrane covers the organs. Between the parietal and visceral layer is a thin fluid filled cavity.
What is the pleura?
serous membrane that surrounds the lungs in the pleural cavity.
What is the pericardium?
the serous membrane that surrounds the heart in the pericardial cavity.
What is the peritoneum?
serous membrane that surrounds several organs in the abdominopelvic cavity.
