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PSYU1101 > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a friendship?

A
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2
Q

What are 5 characteristics of friendships?

A
  1. close bonds that are similar to familial relationships
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3
Q

What are three key pieces of evidence that support why we form bonds?

A
  1. Bonds are resistant to breaking because humans try to maintain group connections
  2. To avoid ostracism
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4
Q

What is the minimal group paradigm?

A

Bonds form readily and easily between strangers in an in-group

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5
Q

What is the opposite of belonging?

A

Ostracism - form of perceived social rejection

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6
Q

What are the implicit rules of friendships?
Assume to have an agreement on

A

It is a ‘code of conduct’ that is assumed to be in place and should not be broken

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7
Q

What are the different methods used in clinical psychology?

A
  1. Surveys
  2. Experiments - comparing the results of an experiment prior to and following treatment to determine its success
  3. Clinical Trials - using small to large groups to test a biomedical product or method
  4. Meta-analyses - summarising vast bodies of research to determine key findings or trends
  5. Co-design - working with consumers and partners to develop and solve research questions
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8
Q

What are three factors that influence our motivation to belong?

A
  1. Minimal Group Paradigm - Bonds form readily and easily between strangers in an in-group
  2. Bonds - bonds are resistant to breaking because humans try to strengthen group connections
  3. Ostracism - people want to avoid social rejection which is painful
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9
Q

What is mental health?

A

State of emotional and social wellbeing

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10
Q

What are mental health problems?

A

Emotional and behavioural abnormalities which impair functioning

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11
Q

What are mental disorders?

A

Clinically recognisable symptoms that cause functional impairment, distress and often require treatment

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12
Q

What are some early historical perspectives on mental health?

A

Demonology - possession of evil spirits or punishment by God caused mental health issues and needed to be treated with exorcism

Hippocrates - believed that the balance of blood, phlegm, bile, and black bile (ie four humours) was required for mental health

Yin and Yang - believed that the balance between these two forces need to be restored for good mental health

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13
Q

What are some later historical perspectives on mental health?

A

Renaissance Period (14th-17th century) - scientific questioning re-emerged and replaced demonology and superstition
- treatment consisted of asylums

Philippe Pinel (France 1970s) - patients with mental illness need to be treated with kindness

William Tuke (England 1790’s) - treatment of rest, religion was required to restore balance

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14
Q

What is the prevalence of mental disorders, anxiety, mood, and substance disorders?

A

Over lifetimes in Australia, the prevalence of disorders is 45%
- 26% for anxiety
- 24% for substance
- 15% for mood

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15
Q

What is the prevalence of mental disorders, anxiety, mood, and substance disorders?

A

Over lifetimes in Australia, the prevalence of disorders is 45%
- 26% for anxiety
- 24% for substance
- 15% for mood

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16
Q

What are the modern perspectives in mental health?

A

BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
- Certain combinations of genes (polygenic) can create genetic predisposition/vulnerabilities
- However, a stress is required to cause psychopathology BUT NOT MAINTAIN (diathesis-stress model)
- neurotransmitter imbalance can lead to psychopathology
- Brain dysfunction and neural plasticity
- Fast-acting neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA)

17
Q

What are the slow-acting neurotransmitters?

A

Slow-acting: takes a few milliseconds to a minute or so to manifest

Neropinephrine - play a role in emergency reactions and too much can lead to anxiety

Dopamine - plays a role in pleasure, cognitive processing and addiction and too much can lead to poor impulse control

Serotonin - responsible for thinking and processign information and too little can lead to anxiety and depression

18
Q

What are the fast-acting neurotransmitters?

A

Glutamate (Excitatory neurotransmitters) - High levels can lead to schizophrenia because when it is released into a synapse it promotes things to happen
GABA (Inhibitory neurotransmitters) - Low levels of GABA lead to high levels of anxiety because when it is released into a synapse it stops things from happening

19
Q

What is the Cognitive-Behavioural perspective?

A

Involves Self efficacy, Cognitive distortions, and Attentional bias

20
Q

What is DSM?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

21
Q

“Emphasises the cultural and social forces rather than inner instincts as determinants of behaviour”. What new psychodynamic theory is this statement characteristic of?

A

Interpersonal Perspective

22
Q

____ _____: emphasises that interactions with real and imagined other people could give rise to inner conflicts

A

Object Relations Theory

23
Q

Behavioural perspective arose as a reaction against the unscientific methods of __________________

A

Psychoanalysis

24
Q

Which perspective is classical, operant conditioning central to?

A

Behavioural Perspective

25
Q

What is the definition of psychopathology?
A) A state of emotional and social wellbeing
B) Patterns of thought, feeling, or behaviour that changes functioning
C) An imbalance of behavioural abnormalities
D) Genetic vulnerabilities that change behaviour

A

B

26
Q

Gaba and glutamate are fast acting neurotransmitters true or false?

A

true

27
Q

What was the treatment for mental illness in the Renaissance Period?
A) Balance the four humours
B) Asylums
C) York Retreat
D) Exposure Therapy

A

Asylums

28
Q

What 5 neurotransmitters are thought to affect psychopathology when imbalanced?

A

Dopamine
Serotonin
Glutamate
Gaba
Neuropinephrine

29
Q

What did Philippe Pinel and William Tuke have in common?

A

They believed ill patients should be treated with kindness

30
Q

What are the 5 influences for psychopathology?

A

Developmental
Biological
Emotional and cognitive
Behavioural
Social and Interpersonal

PSYU1101 (15 decks)

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