Week 7 - Personality Flashcards
What is Freud’s Structural Model?
A model for explaining the spectrum of behaviour drivers from the wise and moral to the irrational.
This model comprises three levels; Id, Superego and Ego
What is the Id?
Driven by the Primary Processing Theory, this level encompasses our wishful, illogical thought.
At this level, our desires are boundless, impulsive, and we do not accept ‘no’ for an answer.
What is Superego?
These are our internalised moral principles that steer us to perfection and to fulfil idyllic expectations of ourselves.
What is Ego?
Driven by Secondary Process Thinking, this level encompasses our rational, logical and compromise-directed thoughts.
It contains defence mechanisms (ie unconscious mental processes that protect us eg repression, denial)
Involved with:
- memory
- perception
- cognition
- motor coordination
- problem-solving
What is the purpose of psychoanalysis testing?
Often there are psychological phenomena that cannot be tangibly grasped so it must be extracted from testing. This testing aims to understand what is happening outside someone’s conscience and self awarness.
What is Object Relations Theory?
Explores how early relationships impacts one’s development of their self perception, their perception of others, and their representation of the relationship between the self and others. The way that the self, others, and the self-others interact is organised into what is known as the ‘self-system’.
What are the 4 different attachment styles in adult romantic relationships?
Secure - very comfortable with being with someone - trustful and open to a more intimate relationship
Ambivalent - insecure, needy and independent
Avoidance - a lack of a trusting relationship during childhood causes one to be distrustful, and independent
Fearful - the neglect in childhood causes one to fear being hurt and abandoned or exposed
What are some examples of psychoanalysis testing?
Interpreting dreams
Hypnosis
Word-association testing
Life history methods
Projection tests
Analysis of transference - pretending to be a particular figure from the past in someone’s life and observing how they respond to it
What is Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory?
It describes the learned behaviours from interacting with people, environments, and situations, can become a part of our personality by altering the neural networks in our brain.
How do neural networks relate to social cognitive theory?
Each time we experience something there is an accompanying set of emotions, thoughts, memories, and plans of action. These sets are stored in clusters of neurons called nodes that are on standby to recognise that experience again if it pops up.
When these nodes are activated - usually by certain triggers - sometimes there is an impulsive action response or a more controlled, self-reflective response.
What did Cantor & Kihlstrom (1987) propose?
They proposed a social-cognitive theory in which accurate and well-organised schemas lead to a more functional person.
What is a schema?
It is a group of nodes that are strongly associated with each other to form a mental framework or outline of an experience.
When a schema is triggered, what are the two possible outcomes?
Threshold - the whole schema gets activated
Primed - only part of the schema is activated
Why are schemas useful?
They help to organise and interpret experiences in a meaningful and efficient way by providing a cognitive shortcut.
What are adaptive and maladaptive schemas?
Adaptive schemas - help with quickly categorising and dealing with our experiences
Maladaptive schemas - when we become oversensitive to a particular life situation we tend to over or under react to them
