Revision

Question 1

What theory did Bandura and Kahneman come up with or were instrumental figures in?

Answer 1

Social cognitive personality theory

Question 2

What is Occam’s Razor?

Answer 2

The idea that the correct theory is the one with the least assumptions or the less complex one

Question 3

What is Thorndike’s law of effect?

Answer 3

The idea that we will not perform something if we have been punished for it in the past

Question 4

Which hormone is secreted by brown fat cells and suppresses hunger

Answer 4

Leptin

Question 5

Which is the most effective CS-US pairing for acquiring a new association?

Answer 5

Delayed

Question 6

What trace pairing of CS-US?

Answer 6

Presenting the CS, waiting a long time and then presenting the US.

Question 7

Which Reinforcement Schedule is best for establishing behaviours that are resistant to extinction?

Answer 7

Variable ratio - amount of times you have to do something before you get rewarded varies

Question 8

Which approach to psychology is influenced by Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?

Answer 8

Functionalism - study of human mind and behaviour through the function of

Answer 9

Hypothesis are derived from theories

Question 10

Which defense mechanism involves channelling unacceptable urges into acceptable activities?

Answer 10

Sublimation

Question 11

What is the difference between schemas and scripts?

Answer 11

A script is a type of schema when you think you know one element of it and therefore how the rest of the event will play out

Question 12

What is the difference between contiguity and contingency?

Answer 12

Contiguity - refers the time period between when the two stimuli are presented

Contingency - refers to how useful of a predictor a CS is

Question 13

What is the Five Factor Model and Eysenck’s Three Factor Model?

Answer 13

Five-Factor Model is OCEAN

Eysenck’s Three Factor Model is psychoticism and extroversion and neuroticism

Question 14

Which Theory(ies) did Seigel use to explain how addicts develop a tolerance to drugs?

Answer 14

Both Opponent Process Theory and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning is the associating of contextual factors with the taking of drugs to get the B-process to start earlier in the Opponent Process Theory

Question 15

Which stage of Freud’s Psychosexual development is characterised by the repression of sexual urges?

Answer 15

Latency

Question 16

Nomothetic vs Idiographic

Answer 16

Nomothetic - Comparing an individual’s personality traits to the rest of the population

Idiographic - In-depth understanding of an individual person

Question 17

Which approach to psychology is influenced by Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?

Answer 17

How do the functions of these behaviours help us to survive

Question 18

Which of the following psyches from Freud’s structural model works on the reality principle, can delay gratification, weigh alternatives and is responsible for defence mechanisms?

Answer 18

Ego

Question 19

Defence mechanisms are

Answer 19

Can often be adaptive and help us to function better - eg. realism is linked with depression and poor health - seeing oneself through unrealistically positive eyes (positive bias) is linked with happiness and good health

Question 20

Objects in object relations theory refer to …

Answer 20

Your relationships with other people, and how past relationships affect understandings of relationships in the present

Question 21

Inner working models are central to

Answer 21

The Attachment Theory of John Bowlby

Question 22

A child pretends to feed a toy baby with a toy bottle after watching their mother feeding a real baby with a real bottle. Albert Bandura would likely conclude that this behaviour is due to which one of the following?

Answer 22

Social Learning

Question 23

What is sublimation according to Freud?

Answer 23

The Ego converting its drives into something more socially acceptable.

Question 24

What are neural networks?

Answer 24

When an association is executed repetitively, the neural links between things becomes stronger

Question 25

What is realism?

Question 26

Of the following individuals below, which one was most renowned for their contribution to developmental psychology?

a.
Charles Darwin

b.
Jean Piaget

c.
Sigmund Freud

d.
William James

e.
B.F. Skinner

Answer 26

Jean Piaget