Revision Flashcards
What theory did Bandura and Kahneman come up with or were instrumental figures in?
Social cognitive personality theory
What is Occam’s Razor?
The idea that the correct theory is the one with the least assumptions or the less complex one
What is Thorndike’s law of effect?
The idea that we will not perform something if we have been punished for it in the past
Which hormone is secreted by brown fat cells and suppresses hunger
Leptin
Which is the most effective CS-US pairing for acquiring a new association?
Delayed
What trace pairing of CS-US?
Presenting the CS, waiting a long time and then presenting the US.
Which Reinforcement Schedule is best for establishing behaviours that are resistant to extinction?
Variable ratio - amount of times you have to do something before you get rewarded varies
Which approach to psychology is influenced by Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?
Functionalism - study of human mind and behaviour through the function of
Hypothesis are derived from theories
Which defense mechanism involves channelling unacceptable urges into acceptable activities?
Sublimation
What is the difference between schemas and scripts?
A script is a type of schema when you think you know one element of it and therefore how the rest of the event will play out
What is the difference between contiguity and contingency?
Contiguity - refers the time period between when the two stimuli are presented
Contingency - refers to how useful of a predictor a CS is
What is the Five Factor Model and Eysenck’s Three Factor Model?
Five-Factor Model is OCEAN
Eysenck’s Three Factor Model is psychoticism and extroversion and neuroticism
Which Theory(ies) did Seigel use to explain how addicts develop a tolerance to drugs?
Both Opponent Process Theory and Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning is the associating of contextual factors with the taking of drugs to get the B-process to start earlier in the Opponent Process Theory
Which stage of Freud’s Psychosexual development is characterised by the repression of sexual urges?
Latency
Nomothetic vs Idiographic
Nomothetic - Comparing an individual’s personality traits to the rest of the population
Idiographic - In-depth understanding of an individual person
Which approach to psychology is influenced by Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?
How do the functions of these behaviours help us to survive
Which of the following psyches from Freud’s structural model works on the reality principle, can delay gratification, weigh alternatives and is responsible for defence mechanisms?
Ego
Defence mechanisms are
Can often be adaptive and help us to function better - eg. realism is linked with depression and poor health - seeing oneself through unrealistically positive eyes (positive bias) is linked with happiness and good health
Objects in object relations theory refer to …
Your relationships with other people, and how past relationships affect understandings of relationships in the present
Inner working models are central to
The Attachment Theory of John Bowlby
A child pretends to feed a toy baby with a toy bottle after watching their mother feeding a real baby with a real bottle. Albert Bandura would likely conclude that this behaviour is due to which one of the following?
Social Learning
What is sublimation according to Freud?
The Ego converting its drives into something more socially acceptable.
What are neural networks?
When an association is executed repetitively, the neural links between things becomes stronger
What is realism?
Of the following individuals below, which one was most renowned for their contribution to developmental psychology?
a.
Charles Darwin
b.
Jean Piaget
c.
Sigmund Freud
d.
William James
e.
B.F. Skinner
Jean Piaget
