week 8- upper limb NRA Flashcards
list common views of elbow wrist and hand
AP Elbow
Medial Oblique Elbow
Lateral Elbow
PA Wrist
Lateral Wrist
PA Hand
Oblique Hand
Fingers (PA, Oblique,Lateral)
list special views of elbow wrist and hand
lateral tangential = elbow
PA ulnarflexion
medial oblique projection
what does the olecranon fossa and humerous together create
thin bone so less density. darker patch between coronoid and olecranon
what can fractures sometimes look like
growth plates
name alignment and measurements for elbow, wrist and hand
Radiocapitellar Line
Metacarpal sign
name some concepts to consider in upper limb for alignment and measurements
Position
* Anatomy
* Normal joint apposition
what is the Radiocapitellar Line
lateral elbow
Straight line through capitellum and radius.
line should pass through Through all stages of elbow flexion
helps determine radial head sublaxation, dislocation
what is the metacarpal sign
This is a line to determine relative size of metacarpals in relation to each other.
line is drawn through articular cortex of 4 + 5 metacarpal head.
- Certain congenital syndrome scan lead to differences in long bone length.
list abnormal varients of elbow, wrist and hand
Supracondylar Process of the Humerus
Radioulnar Synostosis
Ulnar Variance
Carpal Coalition
Polydactyly
Syndactyly
what is supracondylar process of humerous
out growth of bone on ant, med aspect of distal humerou
3% population
what is Radioulnar Synostosis
Failure of longitudinal segmentationof the radius and ulnar.* Normally proximally.
(fused)
what is Ulnar Variance
Radius and ulnar should be in the same plane.* 1mm difference can alter themechanics of the wrist (Y&R).*
Ulnar short = negative (minus)ulnar variance.* Ulnar long = positive (plus) ulnarvariance
what is carpal coalition
Fusion of two or more carpalbones
what is Polydactyly and Syndactyly
Polydactyly* Increased number of fingers (ortoes).*
Syndactyly* Fusion of the skin between digits(syndactyly) or fusion of the osseous phalanges of adjacent digits (synostosis).
