Week 8 - Therapeutic Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

What is a TM?

A

any physical agent applied to produce therapeutic changes to biological tissues –> thermal, acoustic, light, mechanical, electric energy

  • Different types available for different scopes of practice
  • Must be appropriate for injury and stages of healing
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2
Q

TMs in AT’s scope?

A

Thermotherapy
Cryotherapy
Massage

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3
Q

Thermotherapy?

A

Heat therapy
- topical solutions (capsaicin)
- pads/ packs
- Hot Tubs
- Ultrasound
- Parafin wax

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4
Q

Physiological Effects of Thermotherapy?

A

Raise tissue temp.
Increase cell metabolism
Increase capillary permeability
Vasodilation (histamine and bradykinin released)
Increased HR/ BR, decreased BP (w/ whole body exposure)

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5
Q

Benefits of heat?

A

Collagen tissue extensibility
warmed up/ decreased stiffness
Decreased pain (Gate-control theory)
Decreased joint stiff
Increased Blood flow
Reduce msc guarding

Effects depend on type of heat, depth of penetration, time applied

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6
Q

Thermotherapy Indications?

A

subacute/ chronic injury
- 2-4 days post up to 4-6 weeks post injury
- reduce pain
- decrease msc guarding/ tightness/ stiffness
- Joint contractures
- Hematoma/ edema
- Scar tissue

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7
Q

Thermotherapy Contraindications?

A

Acute Injuries
- skin conditions
- open lesions
- mucous membranes
- CV insufficiencies
- Deep vein thrombosis (blood clot)
- Poor thermal regulation
- Neoplasm (tumor)

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8
Q

Indications vs Contraindications

A

Indications
- Why we would want to use a certain TM

Contraindications
- Why we wouldn’t want to use a certain TM

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9
Q

Precautions w/ Thermotherapy?

A

No direct contact for heat packs
Don’t lie on heat packs

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10
Q

Cryotherapy?

A

Topical gels
Ice packs
Ice bags
Cold tubs

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11
Q

Physiological Effects of Cryotherapy?

A

< 10 degrees for up to 20 minutes causes vasoconstrictions
If applied for greater than 20-30 minutes = Hunting Response = 5 min of increased temp as body tries to avoid frost bite

  • Lowers cell metabolism
  • Decreased waste products in spastic msc
  • decrease inflammatory response
  • Decrease nerve excitability/ conduction velocity (analgesia - pain)
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12
Q

What is the Hunting Response?

A

If ice is applied for greater than 20-30 minutes = Hunting Response = 5 min of increased temp as body tries to avoid frost bite

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13
Q

Therapeutic benefits of Cryotherapy?

A

Decreases msc guarding, blood flow, inflammatory response, pain

Effects depend on method, tissue conductivity (msc is good cold conductor, fat is bad), time length

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14
Q

Indications for Cryotherapy?

A

Decrease pain
Reduce msc guarding
Post exercise recovery

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15
Q

Contraindications for Cryotherapy?

A

If they have decreased sensation
Raynauds phenomenon
Allergy
Open wound

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16
Q

Ice precautions?

A

Don’t apply for over 20-30 minutes
Use insulate layers w/ chemical packs

17
Q

Most effective treatment for Cryotherapy?

A

Real crushed ice in bag on skin
Reach skin temp of 10 degrees for pain reduction
No towels or padding
15-20 minutes
Don’t re-ice until skin returns to normal temperature

18
Q

Raynauds Phenomenon?

19
Q

Massage?

A

Systematic manipulation of soft tissues to produce specific responses

5 types of strokes

19
Q

5 strokes of massage?

A

Effleurage = circular strokes

Petrissage = kneading

Friction = Thumb and finger - used over scar tissue or ligament - deep pressure, small mvms

Tapotement = chopping hands - rapid/ repeated striking

Vibration = quick shaking/ rocking hand,

20
Q

Effects of Massage?

A

Relaxation
Venous/ lymphatic drainage
Increased circulation
Reduced scar rigidity (friction massage)

21
Q

Mechanisms of Massage?

A

Physiological
Biomechanical
Neurological
Psychological
Immunologic

22
Q

Massage Indication?

A

Msc guarding
Scar tissue
Subacute inflammation (but not in first few days of healing)

23
Q

Massage Contraindications

A

Decreased Sensitization
Acute injury
Contusions
Infection

24
Q

Effects of Massage on DOMS?

A

Decreased soreness