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Kin 371 (Athletic Injuries) > Injury & Rehab Presentations > Flashcards

Injury & Rehab Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

MOI for Anterior, Posterior, and inferior Glenohumeral Joint Dislocations?

A

ANterior = abd, ER, ext

Posterior = adduction and IR (FOOSH)

Inferior = hyperadduction - fall w/ arm above head

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2
Q

HOPS Assessment for GHJ dislocation?

A

H = trauma, strained RC, impact forces, sports

O = prominent humeral head, swelling, arm in abd, prominent acromion or coracoid

P = tender over structures in GH joint line, acromion or coracoid bump

S = pain w/ apprehension test, less pain w/ Jobe relocation test

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3
Q

3 Rehab phases of healing for GHJ dislocation?

A

IRP = weeks 0-3, reduce pain, msc guarding, atrophy, ROM loss

FRP = weeks 3-5, reduce pain, achieve full ROM, strengthen RC

MRP = weeks 6+, no pain, full ROM, strength training, R2P

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4
Q

Differential Diagnoses for GHJ dislocation?

A

RC strain
AC strain (prominent acromion)
Humerus head # -
Brachial Plexus injury (stinger) - numb/ weak arm

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5
Q

Complications for GHJ dislocation?

A

Hill-Sachs Lesion - dent in humeral head after dislocation

Bankart Lesion - tear on lower rim of labrum

Nerve, artery, or vein damage

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6
Q

Prevention of GHJ dislocation?

A

Exercise -> maintain strength and flexibility of shoulder mscs

Protective eqp.
proper warm ups

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of meniscal knee lesions?

A

Degenerative = no specific cause, develop gradually

Traumatic = twisting motion w/ planted foot: common in sports

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8
Q

HOPS assessment of meniscal knee lesions?

A

H = joint effusion in initial 24hrs
O = pain during weight bearing/ twist, lock, catch, click
P = localized pain at joint line, pain over medial and lateral joint lines

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9
Q

Best imaging for meniscal knee lesions?

A

MRI
can also use CT

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10
Q

Special tests for meniscal knee lesions?

A

McMurray’s

Apley’s Compression

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11
Q

ROM and strength for meniscal knee lesions?

A

limited flex and ext

Pain and decreased strength in a squat

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12
Q

Management of meniscal knee lesions in acute, subacute, and chronic?

A

Treatment = non-operative or meniscal repair
PRICE
Acute = PRICE, decrease pain and swelling, limit WB, train ROM

Subacute = keep protect/ reduce pain and swell, progress strength, ROM Ex, balance training

Chronic = progression of strength and ROM, add plyo’s and sport specific training for R2P

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13
Q

Rehab Exercises in the 3 healing phases?

A

Acute = quad sets

Subacute = squat to chair

Chronic = skater hops

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14
Q

Prevention of meniscal knee lesions?

A

warm up, strengthen supporting mscs and glutes and hips

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15
Q

What is Achilles Tendonitis?

A

Chronic - repetitive stress

Micro tears, inflammation, pain
Can progress to chronic tendonosis if untreated

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16
Q

Risk factors for Achilles Tendonitis?

A

Sudden increase in PA

Running on hard surfaces

Poor footwear

Tight calf

Weak foot/ calf

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17
Q

Signs of Achilles Tendonitis?

A

Morning stiffness and pain after activity

Swelling, warmth, thickened tendon

Pain during heal raises/ running/ jumping

Crepitus in chronic cases

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18
Q

Prevention of Achilles Tendonitis?

A

Warm up + stretch
Gradual training increase
Strengthen calf and foot mscs
Proper footwear
Cross-train

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18
Q

Rehab stages for Achilles Tendonitis?

A

Acute (0-2 weeks): reduce inflammation/ pain, PRICE, NSAIDs, Ankle pump exercise

Subacute(2-6 weeks): restore flexibility, gentle stretching, isometrics, Seated Calf Stretch

Chronic (6+): strengthen and prevent recurrence, Eccentric strengthening, sport specific drills, heel drops

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19
Q

Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome HOPS Assessment?

A

H: pain during exercise, previous injury
O: altered gait, patellar misalignment, swelling
P: tenderness around patella/ quads
S: Patellar grind test, stepdown test, Vastus MEd coordination test

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20
Q

Rehab Stages for Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome?

A

Acute: PRICE, NSAIDs, Isometrics

Subacute: McConnel Taping, WB & NWB exercises

Chronic: Exercise therapy, stretch and strengthen, gait retrain

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21
Q

Piriformis Syndrome Causes?

A

Mscs tightness or spasms
Inflammation
Sciatic N. compression (Sciatic N. can take different paths around or through piriformis)
Restricted blood flow

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21
Q

Prevention of Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome?

A

Strengthen mscs around knee (VMO!!)
Proper footwear
Gradual increase in activity
warmup and cool down

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22
Q

Complications for Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome?

A

Chronic pain

Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis

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23
MOI for Piriformis Syndrome?
Overuse/ repetitiion Direct trauma Anatomical variations Postural imbalances
24
HOPS assessment for Piriformis Syndrome?
H: deep gluteal pain, may radiating down leg if sciatic is compressed. Can be chronic or acute O: postural or gait changes, inflammation P: tenderness on glutes, possible radiating pain w/ pressure. Affected side is tense/ knotted compared to other, trigger point S: FAIR test, short vs long P test
24
Short vs long Piriformis Syndrome?
Short: msc is tight - need to strengthen it Long: Msc is lengthened - strengthen msc and fix biomechanics/ positioning to manage length
25
Rehab stages for Piriformis Syndrome?
Acute: reduce I/ P - PRICE, NSAIDs Subacute: restore mscs length and strength, heat, manual therapy, stretch, strengthen Chronic: improve msc strength and neuromuscular control, function and sport specific training
26
Complications w/ Piriformis Syndrome?
Chronic sciatica msc atrophy altered gait tendinopathy Lspine dysfunction re-injury
26
Prevention of Piriformis Syndrome?
stretch, strengthen, posture and ergonomics, warm up/ cool down, avoid overuse
27
Mscs of the groin?
Adductor longus (most common!) pectinous, adductor brevis, adductor, Magnus, gracilis
28
HOPS assessment for Groin Strain?
H: MOI, pain, characteristics, impact on activities O: posture, weigthbearing, swell, bruise, msc asymmetry, deformity P: tender, swell, warmth, crepitus, nodules, msc defects S: ROM (pain/ limitations), Adductor squeeze test, SL stance w/ adductor resistance, FABER test
29
MOI for Groin Strain?
Sudden forceful mvms - sprint, cutting, explosive lateral mvms Overstretch, repetitive stress, msc fatigue, trauma
29
Prevention of Groin Strain?
strengthen, lifestyle, posture, gradual progression, warmups
30
Management of Groin Strain?
Acute (0-5days): POLICE, improve ROM, decrease swelling. isometric adductor squeeze Subacute (5days-4weeks): promote healing, increase ROM, strengthen, side adductor raise Chronic (4+ weeks): Strengthen mscs, improve endurance, prevent re-injury, sport specific drills and plyos
31
What is a RC Strain?
overstretch or tear of RC mscs or tendons
32
Acute and chronic causes of RC Strain?
Acute: FOOSH, heavy overhead lift, improper form Chronic: Excesive/ re[etitive overhead mvms, age-related degenerartion
32
RC mscs and actions?
Supraspinatus - abduction - most common injury Infraspinatus - ER Teres minor - ER, abd Subscapularis - IR
33
Rehab stages of an RC Strain?
Acute (o-3 days): reduce pain/ swelling, RICE Subacute (4 days - 6 weeks): Early - Assisted ROM, capsular stretches (2-6weeks) - Isometrics, light band Ex, physio, restore ROM and strength Chronic (6+ weeks): full strength and function, bands - ER/IR, strength, flexibility, 2x/ week - consistency
34
HOPS assessment for RC Strain?
H: anterolateral pain, in overhead motions, ADLs, sports O: atrophy in supraspinatus or infraspinatus, decreased arm swing while walking P: tender over SS, IS, SubS, Tminor S: empty can, Hawkins-kennedy, Neer's
35
Prevention of RC Strain?
Warm up Stretch
36
Etiology of CTS?
compression of median n. in carpal tunnel b/c of excessive wrist flex or ext Poor ergonomics >40 y/o Pregnancy - temporary Genetics (inflammation, carpal tunnel fram composition
37
Anatomy of Carpal tunnel?
Tunnel itself - bones + transverse lig. (external frame - forms the roof - anterior) 9 flexor tendons - internal frame --> FDP/FDS, FPL Thenar mscs Median nerve
38
MOI for CTS?
Tendon swelling/ thickening, Nerve ischemia Synovial tissue hyepertrophy Systemic conditions - inflammation, fluid retention, diabetes, arthritis, obesisty Poor ergonomics
39
Management for CTS?
Splint Ultrasound Activity modifications corticosteriods GOal = reduce pressure on median n. - alleviate pain/ tingles/ prevent nerve damage Exercises as tolerated by pain
40
HOPS assessment for CTS?
H: nighttime nerve pain, sensation of swollen hand, radiating pain from wrist to shoulder, morning stiffness symptoms present during the day, loss of sensation = moderate CTS Severe CTS = loss of sensory symptoms, aching of thenar eminence O: swan neck deformity, ulnar deviation, ecchymosis on wrist, solar swelling, reduced grip strength/ hand function, thenar eminence atophy P: localized edema in CTS region, TOP of transverse carpal lig., reduced APB strength S: Tinel's, Phalen's,
41
Prevention & complications of CTS?
Ergonomics Avoid repetitive wrist actions RElax gripping force Healthy weight Complications - permanent n. damage - msc atrophy - chronic wrist pain
42
MOI for Posterior Elbow Dislocation?
FOOSH valgus stress to elbow forearm supination contributes to rotational displacement axial compression
43
Rehab phases/ exercises for Posterior Elbow Dislocation?
Acute: wrist flex/ ext (AROM), shoulder pendulum swings (PROM) - prevent shoulder and wrist stiffness SUbacute: assited elbow flex/ ext - restore ROM, Isometric biceps/ triceps Ex Chronic: eccentric bicep curl - improve tendon healing/ strength, closed-chain shoulder and elbow stability
44
HOPS assessment for Posterior Elbow Dislocation?
H: FOOSH, pop, posterior elbow pain, car accidents and contact sports O: flexed/ shortened arm, swelling, joint effusion, eccymosis P: check radial/ lunar pulse, median/ ulnar nerves, TOP, swelling S: imaging, lateral pivot-shift test, ROM, nerve function
45
MOI for Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's elbow)?
repetitive wrist felt and forearm pronation - overloads flexor tendons Overuse and repetition - micro tears and inflammation
46
MOI for Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)?
Repeated wrist extension and gripping - stress on extensor tendons = micro tears Overuse and repetition
47
HOPS assessment for Medial/ Lateral Epicondylitis?
H: previous elbow trauma, nerve issues, overuse? gradual onset of pain, 1-3 days after new activity O: chronic - msc atrophy, guarding, avoidance of full flex/ ext, altered grip mechanics, elbow position decreased ROM, weakness P: TOP of CFO or CEO, S: Cozen's test, Medial epicondylitis test
48
Prevention of Medial/ Lateral Epicondylitis?
Proper technique and ergonomics, gradual load progression, eqp modifications, rest and recovery, strengthen and stretch
49
MOI for ACL Sprain?
Excessive force in any direction ACL resists (anterior tib translation, vagus, IR) multi-planar loading Contact < non-contact
50
Rehab stages for ACL Sprain?
Acute: (week 1-2): decrease swelling/ pain, increase ROM, minimize scar tissue Subacute (weeks 3-12): regain full ROM, normal walking, balance Chronic (4 months+): increases strength/ function
51
HOPS assessment for ACL Sprain?
H: MOI, pop, pian, instability O: limited WB, SHARP P: effusion, edema, pain in ROM S: pain/ laxity for Anterior drawer test or Lachman's
52
Prevention of ACL Sprain?
Increase awareness Strengthen quads and hamstrings, core Practice correct biomechanics
53
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) Palpation and special tests?
Palpation - diffuse tenderness along tibia Special tests - Hop Test - increased pain w/ single leg hops - Navicular drop test - identifies excessive foot pronation
54
Rehab for MTSS?
strengthen, flexibility, proper biomechanics, good footwear, modify activity
55
Prevention of MTSS?
Gradual training progression, proper footwear and biomechanics, strength/ flexibility (low leg/ hip), Adequate rest, Warm up and cool down
56
Complications of MTSS?
Progress to Stress # Chronic inflammation = persistent pain Msc weakness = low performance Altered gait - risk of sequala
57
MTSS what is it and cause?
Shin Splints Overuse injury - medial edge of tibia - running, jumping, impact Repetition - periosteol inflammation Excessive pronation, poor running mechanics, increased training load, weak calf and hips Periosteum (covering of bone) becomes inflamed b/c tight mscs pull on it --> pain and micro damage
58
Management phases for MTSS?
Acute: POLICE, NSAIDs, Isometric calfs, ankle alphabet, gentle ROM Subacute: seated calf raises, toe taps, tib-ant stretches Chronic: eccentric calf raises, SL balance, distance band foot flex
59

Kin 371 (Athletic Injuries) (27 decks)

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