Week 8 - Self-Actualization and Self-Determination Perspective Flashcards
Humanistic psychology
A branch of psychology emphasizing the universal capacity for personal growth.
Actualization
The tendency to grow in ways that maintain or enhance the organism.
Self-actualization
A process of growing in ways that maintain or enhance the self.
Congruence
An integration within the self and a coherence between your self and your experiences.
Organismic valuing process
The internal signal that indicates whether self-actualization is occurring.
Fully functioning person
A person who’s open to life’s experiences and who is self-actualizing.
Positive regard (and two subtypes)
Acceptance and affection.
Unconditional - Acceptance and affection with “no strings attached.”
Conditional - Affection that’s given only under certain conditions.
Conditions of worth
Contingencies placed on positive regard.
Conditional self-regard
Self-acceptance that’s given only under certain conditions.
Contingent self-worth
Self-acceptance that’s based on performance in some domain of life.
Self-determination (and 3 needs)
Deciding for yourself what to do.
The needs are for autonomy (self-determination), competence, and relatedness
Introjected regulation
occurs when a person treats a behavior as a “should” or an “ought”—when the person does it to avoid guilt or gain self-approval.
In identified regulation
the person has come to hold the behavior as personally meaningful and valuable.
Self-concordance
Pursuing goals that are consistent with your core values.
Reactance
A motive to regain or reassert a presumed freedom that’s been threatened.
two kinds of defense according to Rogers
distortion of experience (Rationalization)
-Rationalization is one such distortion: creating a plausible but untrue explanation for why something is the way it is
-seeing an event as being different from how it really is.
preventing threatening experiences from reaching awareness
-Denial
-Indirectly (avoidance of situation that would be informative)
Self-handicapping
Creating situations that make it hard to succeed, thus enabling avoidance of self-blame for failure.
Stereotype threat
Having a negative perception of the self because of feeling prejudged.
Deficiency-based motives
Motives reflecting a lack within the person that needs to be filled.
Growth-based motives
Motives reflecting the desire to extend and elaborate yourself.
Self-actualizing people…(name 3)
- are efficient and accurate in perceiving reality
- are accepting of themselves, of other people, and of nature
- are spontaneous in thought and emotion, natural rather than artificial
- are problem centered, or concerned with eternal philosophical questions
- are independent and autonomous when it comes to satisfactions
- have a continued freshness of appreciation of ordinary events
- often experience so-called oceanic feelings, a sense of oneness with nature that transcends time and space
- identify with all of humanity and are democratic and respectful of others
- form deep ties but with only a few persons
- appreciate, for its own sake, the process of doing things
- have a philosophical, thoughtful, nonhostile sense of humor
- have a childlike and fresh creativity and inventiveness
- maintain an inner detachment from the culture in which they live
- are sufficiently strong, independent, and guided by their own inner visions that they sometimes appear temperamental and even ruthless
Transcendent self-actualizers
People whose actualization goes beyond the self to become more universal.
Maslow used the term peak experience to refer to…
a moment of intense self-actualization.
Existential psychology
The view that people are responsible for investing their lives with meaning.
Dasein
”Being-in-the-world” the totality of your autonomous personal existence.
Existential guilt
A sense of guilt over failing to fulfill all of your possibilities.
Content analysis
The grouping and counting of various categories of statements in an interview.
Q-sort
An assessment technique in which you sort descriptors according to how much they apply to you.
To Rogers, incongruity between experience and self-concept or within the self-concept yields
anxiety.
To Rogers, the process of therapy is essentially (description and what it involves)
Reintegrating a partially disorganized self.
It involves reversing the processes of defense to confront the discrepancies between the elements of the person’s experience.
According to Rogers, the following conditions must be met before treatment (change) can occur
- the conditions of worth that distorted the person’s behavior in the past must be lifted.
- The person still needs positive regard, but it must be unconditional.
Client-centered or person-centered therapy
A type of therapy that removes conditions of worth and has clients examine their feelings and take personal responsibility for their improvement.
Clarification of feelings
The procedure in which a therapist restates a client’s expressed feelings.
Restatement of content
A procedure in which a therapist rephrases the ideas expressed by a client.
