Week 8 - Self-Actualization and Self-Determination Perspective

Question 1

Humanistic psychology

Answer 1

A branch of psychology emphasizing the universal capacity for personal growth.

Question 2

Actualization

Answer 2

The tendency to grow in ways that maintain or enhance the organism.

Question 3

Self-actualization

Answer 3

A process of growing in ways that maintain or enhance the self.

Question 4

Congruence

Answer 4

An integration within the self and a coherence between your self and your experiences.

Question 5

Organismic valuing process

Answer 5

The internal signal that indicates whether self-actualization is occurring.

Question 6

Fully functioning person

Answer 6

A person who’s open to life’s experiences and who is self-actualizing.

Question 7

Positive regard (and two subtypes)

Answer 7

Acceptance and affection.

Unconditional - Acceptance and affection with “no strings attached.”

Conditional - Affection that’s given only under certain conditions.

Question 8

Conditions of worth

Answer 8

Contingencies placed on positive regard.

Question 9

Conditional self-regard

Answer 9

Self-acceptance that’s given only under certain conditions.

Question 10

Contingent self-worth

Answer 10

Self-acceptance that’s based on performance in some domain of life.

Question 11

Self-determination (and 3 needs)

Answer 11

Deciding for yourself what to do.

The needs are for autonomy (self-determination), competence, and relatedness

Question 12

Introjected regulation

Answer 12

occurs when a person treats a behavior as a “should” or an “ought”—when the person does it to avoid guilt or gain self-approval.

Question 13

In identified regulation

Answer 13

the person has come to hold the behavior as personally meaningful and valuable.

Question 14

Self-concordance

Answer 14

Pursuing goals that are consistent with your core values.

Question 15

Reactance

Answer 15

A motive to regain or reassert a presumed freedom that’s been threatened.

Question 16

two kinds of defense according to Rogers

Answer 16

distortion of experience (Rationalization)
-Rationalization is one such distortion: creating a plausible but untrue explanation for why something is the way it is
-seeing an event as being different from how it really is.

preventing threatening experiences from reaching awareness
-Denial
-Indirectly (avoidance of situation that would be informative)

Question 17

Self-handicapping

Answer 17

Creating situations that make it hard to succeed, thus enabling avoidance of self-blame for failure.

Question 18

Stereotype threat

Answer 18

Having a negative perception of the self because of feeling prejudged.

Question 19

Deficiency-based motives

Answer 19

Motives reflecting a lack within the person that needs to be filled.

Question 20

Growth-based motives

Answer 20

Motives reflecting the desire to extend and elaborate yourself.

Question 21

Self-actualizing people…(name 3)

Answer 21

• are efficient and accurate in perceiving reality
• are accepting of themselves, of other people, and of nature
• are spontaneous in thought and emotion, natural rather than artificial
• are problem centered, or concerned with eternal philosophical questions
• are independent and autonomous when it comes to satisfactions
• have a continued freshness of appreciation of ordinary events
• often experience so-called oceanic feelings, a sense of oneness with nature that transcends time and space
• identify with all of humanity and are democratic and respectful of others
• form deep ties but with only a few persons
• appreciate, for its own sake, the process of doing things
• have a philosophical, thoughtful, nonhostile sense of humor
• have a childlike and fresh creativity and inventiveness
• maintain an inner detachment from the culture in which they live
• are sufficiently strong, independent, and guided by their own inner visions that they sometimes appear temperamental and even ruthless

Question 22

Transcendent self-actualizers

Answer 22

People whose actualization goes beyond the self to become more universal.

Question 23

Maslow used the term peak experience to refer to…

Answer 23

a moment of intense self-actualization.

Question 24

Existential psychology

Answer 24

The view that people are responsible for investing their lives with meaning.

Question 25

Dasein

Answer 25

”Being-in-the-world” the totality of your autonomous personal existence.

Question 26

Existential guilt

Answer 26

A sense of guilt over failing to fulfill all of your possibilities.

Question 27

Content analysis

Answer 27

The grouping and counting of various categories of statements in an interview.

Question 28

Q-sort

Answer 28

An assessment technique in which you sort descriptors according to how much they apply to you.

Question 29

To Rogers, incongruity between experience and self-concept or within the self-concept yields

Answer 29

anxiety.

Question 30

To Rogers, the process of therapy is essentially (description and what it involves)

Answer 30

Reintegrating a partially disorganized self.

It involves reversing the processes of defense to confront the discrepancies between the elements of the person’s experience.

Question 31

According to Rogers, the following conditions must be met before treatment (change) can occur

Answer 31

• the conditions of worth that distorted the person’s behavior in the past must be lifted.
• The person still needs positive regard, but it must be unconditional.

Question 32

Client-centered or person-centered therapy

Answer 32

A type of therapy that removes conditions of worth and has clients examine their feelings and take personal responsibility for their improvement.

Question 33

Clarification of feelings

Answer 33

The procedure in which a therapist restates a client’s expressed feelings.

Question 34

Restatement of content

Answer 34

A procedure in which a therapist rephrases the ideas expressed by a client.