Week 10 - The Self-Regulation Perspective

Question 1

Attitude towards outcome

Answer 1

A personal evaluation of the likely outcome of an action and the desirability of that outcome.

Question 2

Subjective norm

Answer 2

Your impression of how relevant others value an action and your interest in pleasing them.

Question 3

specific high goals leads to

Answer 3

higher performance

Question 4

Goal intention

Answer 4

The intention to attain some particular outcome.

Question 5

Implementation intention

Answer 5

The intention to take specific actions in specific contexts.

Question 6

Deliberative mindset

Answer 6

A careful mindset used while deciding whether to take an action.

Question 7

Implemental mindset

Answer 7

A positively biased mindset that’s used while implementing an intention to act.

Question 8

What did Gollwitzer (2001) find in the study of those with damaged frontal lobes? (re intention)

Answer 8

Gollwitzer (2001) studied patients with frontal lobe damage and patients with damage in other areas of the brain. Those people with frontal damage were impaired in planning. However, if they were provided with if … then implementation intentions, they weren’t impaired in acting. This finding suggests that the planning is done in the frontal cortex, and the handling of the action is done somewhere else.

Question 9

Negative feedback loop (and four components)

Answer 9

A self-regulating system that maintains conformity to some comparison value.

• a value for self-regulation (e.g. plans, intentions, possible selves, and strategies)
• input (perception of your present behavior and its effects)
• Comparator
  -Check again against value

Question 10

Comparator

Answer 10

A mechanism that compares two values to each other.

Question 11

mental contrasting

Answer 11

Contrasting of present states with desired end states.

Mental contrasting seems to engage the comparator function of the self-control loop.

Thinking only about a future goal, or only about your present state, doesn’t have the same effect as thinking about both of them together.

Question 12

Feedback hierarchy

Answer 12

An organization of feedback loops, in which superordinate loops act by providing reference values to subordinate loops.

Question 13

Diagram of a three-level hierarchy of feedback systems.

Answer 13

This diagram shows the “cascade” of control that flows from higher-level loops to lower-level ones.

Question 14

System concept

Answer 14

A very abstract guide for behavior, such as an ideal sense of self.

Question 15

Principle

Answer 15

A broad, abstract action quality that could be displayed in any of several programs. Ideally leads to appropriate behaviour. E.g. ‘thoughtfullness’ or ‘truthfullness’

Principles specify ­programs (or decisions within programs

Question 16

Program

Answer 16

A guideline (a set of if–then decisions) for the actions that take place in some category of events (as a script).

Question 17

Action identification

Answer 17

The way you think of or label whatever action you are performing.

Question 18

Disengage

Answer 18

To cease and put aside self-regulation with regard to some goal.

Question 19

efficacy expectancy

Answer 19

the belief that one has the personal capability of doing the action that needs to be done.

Question 20

Subliminal stimuli

Answer 20

Stimuli presented too quickly to be consciously recognized.

Question 21

Deindividuation

Answer 21

occurs when people become immersed in a group. It involves a reduction in self-focus

Question 22

self-regulation view emphasizes

Answer 22

goals.

Question 23

Means–end analysis

Answer 23

The process of creating a plan to attain an overall goal (end) by breaking it into successively more concrete goals (means).

Question 24

Once a goal for behavior has been evoked…

Answer 24

self-regulation reflects a process of feedback control.

Question 25

Given that many goals are dynamic and evolving, this view emphasizes that self-regulation is

Answer 25

a never-ending process.

Question 26

A single feedback loop is too simple to account for the diversity in people’s actions alone, but complexity is provided by

Answer 26

the fact that feedback systems can be organized in a hierarchy, in which one system acts by providing reference values to the system directly below it.

Question 27

The concept of hierarchy accounts for the 2 facts that

Answer 27

a goal can be attained by many kinds of actions,

along with the fact that the same action can occur in service to diverse goals.

Question 28

In self-regulation theory, emotions have been viewed as…

Answer 28

calls for reprioritizing one’s goals.

Question 29

In self-regulation theory, avoidance means

Answer 29

creating distance instead of conformity.