Week 4

Question 1

functional approach

Answer 1

. That is, they ask what functions particular kinds of behavior serve.

Question 2

Name the structures involved in approach

Answer 2

activation system
behavioral engagement system
behavioral facilitation system
behavioral approach system (BAS)

Question 3

Avoidance or withdrawal system

Answer 3

The part of the brain that regulates responses to punishment.

Question 4

Behavioral approach system (BAS)

Answer 4

The part of the brain that regulates pursuit of incentives.

Question 5

RIGHT/LEFT-PREFRONTAL CORTEX?

Answer 5

Approach or Reward-seeking / Withdrawal or Aversion (risk sensitivity)

Question 6

appetitive stimuli

Answer 6

those associated with approach motivation and reward

Question 7

Sensation seeking

Answer 7

The tendency to seek out varied, unusual, and exciting stimuli

Question 8

Impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking (IUSS)

Answer 8

A trait involving the capacity to inhibit behavior in the service of social adaptation.

Question 9

fenfluramine

Answer 9

causes serotonin to be released from storage areas and also inhibits its reuptake

Question 10

Testosterone

Answer 10

A male sex hormone that influences a wide range of behaviors.

Question 11

When do males have more testosterone

Answer 11

Normal males have higher testosterone than normal females from week 8 to week 24 of gestation, from about the first through the fifth month after birth, and again after puberty

Question 12

anabolic steroids.

Answer 12

The word anabolic means “building up.” Anabolic steroids are chemicals that prompt the body to rebuild muscle tissue that has been stressed or exercised.

Question 13

tend and befriend

Answer 13

female alternative to flight fight

Question 14

Tend

Answer 14

Tending refers to calming offspring. This protects them from harm. That is, if they don’t cry, they (and you) fade into the background, where the threat is less.

Question 15

Befriending

Answer 15

Befriending means affiliating and bonding with others. This reduces certain kinds of risk (because there’s greater safety in numbers) and increases the chances of receiving tending from each other when needed

Question 16

Oxytocin

Answer 16

A hormone that appears to be important in social bonding

Question 17

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 17

A record of overall electrical activity in higher regions of the brain.

Question 18

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 18

A picture of activity in the brain based on the brain’s metabolism of positively charged particles.

Question 19

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 19

A picture of activity inside the brain based on how separate parts of the brain tissue react to pulses of electromagnetic energy.

Question 20

Monamine oxidase (MAO)

Answer 20

A substance that helps regulate several neurotransmitters and seems to be involved in constraint over impulses.

Question 21

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 21

Use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to create a picture of activity inside the brain in different mental states.

Question 22

Antisocial personality

Answer 22

A person who displays impulsive action with little thought to other people’s rights or feelings.

It’s often argued that people with this personality have an overactive BAS. Thus, they pursue whatever incentive comes to mind. It’s also sometimes argued that they have deficits in the threat system (Fowles, 1980). Thus, they fail to learn from punishment or aren’t motivated to avoid it.

Question 23

Pharmacotherapy

Answer 23

A therapy based on use of medication.